Definition Of The Cold War - 1555 Words

Definition of Cold War In my opinion, the definition of the Cold War: was a series of conflicts concerning political, mili-tary, and economics activities between two major political philosophies, represented by the United States along with Western Europe (democracy led) and by the Union of Soviet Socialist Republic, along with Eastern Europe (communist led). Moreover, open hostilities between the US and the USSR never occurred except though each countries client states. Origins of the Cold War The cold war has its start in World War II, when to fight against the axis powers (Germany, Italy and Japan). The United States and the Soviet Union along with Great Britain and France (The al-lies) formed an alliance of convenience to defeat the†¦show more content†¦Germany was divided in two areas, the Ameri-cans and its allies controlled the west; Soviet Union and its allies controlled the east part of Ger-many. Further division involved the German capital of Berlin which was also separated into west and east zones. The reason why Germany was split was to prevent that country from rising to pow-er again (The Orgin of the Cold War). After the war, the United States was for the most part untouched by the affects of the war which helped in a large economic expansion. The conditions that aided economic expansions: having friendly nations to the north (Canada) and to the south (Mexico). Another geographical aid in-volved the Pacific Ocean to the west and the Atlantic Ocean to the east which created a buffer be-tween the United States and the axis powers (the Soviet Union did not have these protections). Additionally, the war left the US with intact industries, roads, railroads and bridges. The result was the United States became the world’s first super power. The United States never experienced the paranoia of national security that the Soviet Union has experienced and is experiencing till this day (US Department of State). Overall it was the general conditions of the US and Soviet economy along with the respective con-ditions of the transportation and industrial system that assisted in creating the Cold War. Notable Events of the Cold War Notable events in

Definitions, Examples, and Observations of Nonfinite Verbs

In English grammar, a nonfinite verb  is a form of the verb that does not show a distinction in number, person  or  tense  and normally cannot stand alone as the main verb in a sentence. It contrasts with a  finite verb, which shows tense, number and person. The main types of nonfinite verbs are infinitives  (with or without to), -ing forms (also known as present participles and gerunds) and past participles (also called -en forms). Except for modal auxiliaries, all verbs have nonfinite forms. A nonfinite phrase or clause is a word group that contains a nonfinite verb form as its central element. Examples and Observations In the revised edition of An Introduction to the Grammar of English, Elly van Gelderen gives examples of sentences that include a nonfinite verb group, which are in italics: Seeing the ordinary as extraordinary is something we all like to do.She forgot to Google them. Van Gelderen explains that in the first sentence,  seeing, is, like,  and do are lexical (main) verbs, but only is and like are finite. In the second example  forgot and Google are the lexical verbs, but only forgot is finite. Characteristics of Nonfinite Verbs Nonfinite verb differs from finite verbs because they cannot always be used as the main verbs of  clauses. A nonfinite verb normally lacks agreement for person, number  and gender with its first argument or subject. According to The Theory of Functional Grammar by Simon C. Dik and Kees Hengeveld,  nonfinite verbs are unmarked or reduced with respect to distinctions of tense, aspect, and mood,  and have certain properties in common with adjectival or nominal predicates. Types of Nonfinite Verb Forms Three types of nonfinite verb forms exist in the English language: infinitives, gerunds  and participles. According to Andrew Radford in Transformational Grammar: A First Course, infinitive forms are comprised of the base or stem of the verb with no added inflection (such forms are frequently used after the so-called infinitive particle to.)   Gerund forms, says Radford, comprise the base and also the -ing  suffix. Participle forms generally comprise the base plus the -(e)n inflection (though there are numerous irregular participle forms in English). In the examples Radford provides below, the bracketed clauses are  nonfinite since they contain only nonfinite verb forms. The italicized verb is an infinitive in the first sentence,  a gerund in the second and a (passive) participle in the third: Ive never known [John (to) be so rude to anyone].We dont want [it raining on your birthday].I had [my car stolen from the car park]. Auxiliaries With Nonfinite Verbs In the second edition of Modern English Structures: Form, Function, and Position, Bernard T. ODwer says that  auxiliaries, or helping verbs, are required with nonfinite verbs to mark nonfinite verb forms for tense, aspect  and voice, which nonfinite verbs cannot express.  Finite verbs, on the other hand, already mark themselves for tense, aspect and voice. According to ODwyer, when the auxiliary verb occurs with the nonfinite form of the verb, the auxiliary is always the finite verb. If more than one auxiliary occurs, the first auxiliary is always the finite verb. Nonfinite Clauses Roger Berry, in English Grammar: A Resource Book for Students, says that nonfinite clauses lack a subject and a finite verb form, but they are still called clauses because they have some clause structure. Nonfinite clauses are introduced by three nonfinite verb forms and are divided into three types, says Berry:   Infinitive clauses: I saw her leave the room.  -ing (participle) clauses: I heard someone shouting for help.  -ed (participle) clauses: I got the watch repaired in town.

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, A State Of Relative Insulin...

Type 2 diabetes mellitus, a state of relative insulin deficiency with underlying insulin resistance, accounts for majority of the cases of hyperglycemia worldwide. An estimated 422 million people worldwide have diabetes [1], and this number is expected to reach 592 million by the year 2035 [2]. Almost 30 million Americans (9% of the population) have diabetes, with estimated total health care costs of $245 billion due to extensive complications, primarily micro- and macrovascular pathology. Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is the leading cause of death among individuals with type 2 diabetes, in whom adverse cardiovascular outcomes occur, on average, 14.6 years earlier [5] and with increased severity compared to individuals without diabetes mellitus. People with type 2 diabetes have twofold-increased risk of developing ASCVD [6]. The increment in the diabetic population with cardiovascular events reflects the steady increase in the number of older individuals in the United States and the improved survival of individuals with diabetes. Prevalence of obesity, which is related to risk for ASCVD and diabetes, is also on an upsurge in the United States as well as globally. Guidelines from the American Heart Association (AHA)/American Diabetes Association (ADA) [7] and the European Society of Cardiology [8] present different recommendations for individuals with diabetes depending on an individual s risk profile. To identify patients who will benefit most fromShow MoreRelatedWhat is Diabetes Mellitus? Essay655 Words   |  3 PagesWhat is Diabetes Mellitus? Diabetes is a very common disorder. It is the 8th leading cause of death worldwide. It is projected that the number of individuals with diabetes will almost double by 2030. 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GDM alsoRead MoreGestational Diabetes Mellitus : An Overview1241 Words   |  5 Pages Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Isaac Anzaldua Norma Beardwood (Roper), MBA, M. Ed., RDN, LD, LPC, CEDS DIET 4252 September 21, 2015 â€Æ' Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Introduction Diabetes Mellitus is a disease; which occurs through the insufficiency of insulin being produced or its actions are not being utilized. This occurrence leads to hyperglycemia; an issue in which the amount of glucose in the blood is relatively high. Gestational Diabetes Mellitus falls under the category of DM. GDM also consistRead MoreDiabetes Mellitus : Long Term Damage1144 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction The term diabetes mellitus describes a metabolic disorder of multiple aetiology, characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia with disturbances of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. The effects of diabetes mellitus include long–term damage, dysfunction and failure of various organs (1). There are two main types of diabetes (2-6); Type 1 diabetes (T1B) usually develops in childhood and adolescence and patients requireRead MoreTypes And Types Of Diabetes Essay1796 Words   |  8 PagesTypes of Diabetes Type 1 diabetes: Type 1 diabetes mellitus is characterized by loss of the insulin-producing beta cells of the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas leading to insulin deficiency. Type 2 diabetes : Type 2 diabetes mellitus is characterized by insulin resistance which may be combined with relatively reduced insulin secretion. The defective responsiveness of body tissues to insulin is believed to involve the insulin receptor. Gestational diabetes: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)Read MoreDiabetes Mellitus1804 Words   |  8 Pagesdisorder is Diabetes Mellitus. Most people just know it as diabetes. There are two major classifications of diabetes mellitus; insulin-dependent (IDDM) and noninsulin-dependent (NIDDM). IDDM is more commonly known as Type 1 Diabetes, and NIDDM is known as Type 2 Diabetes (EkoeÃŒ , 2008). Type 1 diabetes is the juvenile-onset diabetes that deals with the complete destruction of ÃŽ ²-cells of the pancreas whereas type 2 diabetes is an adult-onset disorder in which individuals suffer from an insulin deficiencyRead MoreDiabetes Mellitus Type 2: A Research1511 Words   |  6 Pagesa serious metabolic disorder called Diabetes Mellitus Type 2. While not managed by insulin injections, it is nevertheless quite serious and has a number of progressing symptoms that, if not treated properly, can result in cardiovascular, renal and neurological problems, as well as amputation, ocular is sues, and even cognitive dysfunction. Type II Diabetes, also known as diabetes mellitus, is also called non-insulin-dependent diabetes or aadult onset diabetes. 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World Civilization and History

Question: Describe about the Comparison between the Byzantine Empire and Mongolian Empire? Answer: Introduction World history has witnessed the rise and fall of a number of large, medium and small empires. Among those empires the researcher here opts for two of the very influential empires the Byzantine Empire and the Mongolian Empire for a comparative study. On one hand, the Byzantine Empire which is also known as the Eastern Roman Empire was dominated by the Greek speaking population of the eastern part of the Roman Empire. This empire was dominant during the middle ages and the Late Antiquity (ArieÃÅ'â‚ ¬s Duby, 1987). This empire survived during the 5th century fragmentation and also the fall of the Western Roman Empire and it further continued to survive for almost another thousand years till it was conquered by the Ottoman Turks in 1453 (Gibbon Low, 1960). During the existence of this empire, it was generally extremely powerful and in every aspect including economic, cultural or military forces in Europe (Franzius, 1967). On the other hand, the Mongolian Empire existed during the 13th and 14th centuries. This empire is considered to be largest contiguous land empire in the entire history. The empire extended from the steppes of Central Asia moved across the Central Europe till the Sea of Japan. It further extended across Siberia in the north, the Indian subcontinent, Iranian Plateau in the east and the south and towards the west it extended till Arabia. Comparison between the Byzantine Empire and the Mongolian Empire There are a number of strategies that both these empires undertook in order to create or expand their territories or to maintain or defend their rule. On a closer look it might be observed that there were a few categories under which the two empires namely the Byzantine Empire and the Mongolian Empire were similar. The Creation of the two empires The great civilization of the Byzantine Empire originated during 330 AD. During this time the Roman Emperor Constantine I decided to form a new Rome on the site of the old Greek colony of Byzantium. The term Byzantine was derived from the word Byzantium which was a Greek colony that was founded by a person by the name Byzas. This place was located at the European side of Bosporus which was a strait that linked the Black sea with the Mediterranean. The position of the city of Byzantine was such that it served as the transit point for major continents o Europe and Asia Minor. During 330 A.D. Constantine I who was the Roman Empire at that point of time chose this place as the new capitol as named it as Constantinople (VasilÊÂ ¹ev, 1952). Taking a look at the Mongol Empire, it can be observed that the creation of the Empire was a slow and difficult process which began with the amalgamation of the Mongol and Turkic tribes that inhabited the Mongolian Steppes. In the area of Steppes, Temjin emerged as a very magnetic leader and who gradually gained followers before he became a nkhr (companion or vassal) (Franke Twitchett, 2008). Toghril who was the Khan of the Kereits, was another very dominant tribe in Central Mongolia. With regard to the services of Toghril, the talents of Temjin allowed him to become one of the significant leaders of the Mongol tribes. Ultimately, the increase of power of Temjin gave rise to jealously among the people and finally Temujin and Toghril took different parts and this lead to a battle. This fight became stronger during 1203 and eventually Temjin emerged as a leader. By 1206 Temjin had unified the tribes of Mongolia and formed a single supra-tribe which is called the Khamag Mongol Ulus or the All Mongol State (Allsen, 1997). With the formation of the new state the social structure was reorganized and for that Temjin dissolved the old tribal lines and regrouped them to form an army based on the decimal system. Additionally, Temjin was also successful in instilling a strong sense of discipline into the army. By the end of 1204 Temjin had defeated the main rivals but it was only after 1206 that the followers recognized Temujin as the only ruler and granted him the title of Chenggis Khan. Hence with regard to the creation of the empires there existed a huge dissimilarity between the Byzantine Empire and the Mongolian empire. Nevertheless, there are few strategic similarities between the two empires. The Defense of the two empires When the military tactics of the two empires are followed thoroughly it can be observed that there were quite a few similarities between the two empires (ArieÃÅ'â‚ ¬s Duby, 1987). With regard to the Byzantine Empire it can be observed that this empire always maintained a very high and sophisticated military army that survived from ancient times. This army relied on a number of things for success such as discipline, knowledge of strategies and a very well-organized support system (Franzius, 1967). The very essential part of the maintenance and spread of the experience of the military was the traditional histories along with the various treaties and manuals for practice (Gibbon Low, 1960). This tradition in the military that began during this time was extended back to the Aeneas who was popularly known as the Tactician and the Xenophon. It further extended to the Eastern Roman military manuals which adapted the working of the ancient authors more specifically the works of Aelian and Onasander. The Mongol military tactics and organization enabled the Mongol Empire to conquer nearly all of continental Asia, the Middle East and parts of Eastern Europe. Looking at the Mongolian empire it can be observed that the original basis of the military system of the Mongolian Empire could be considered as the extension of their nomadic style of the Mongolians. There were a number of new elements that was invented by Chenggis Khan and his successors (Franke Twitchett, 2008). New technologies were invented by the rulers to make even more useful attacks on the enemies. Attack fortifications were learnt by the generals and the armies from the different cultures and other foreign technical experts were well-versed with the command structures (Sermier, 2002). During most of the part of the 13th century it was observed that in most of the battles they utilized these strategies and also won most of the battles that they fought using these strategies. They always turned the result of the battles in their favor. Also, it should be noted that in most of the battles that they won the opposite armies were quite large and powerful. Nonetheless, their first defeat took place during the year 1223 at the Battle of Samara Bend in the hands of the Volga Bulgars (Sermier, 2002). Their second defeat came during the Battle of Ain Jalut in the year 1260. This time however, the opposite army was tactically trained by them and they used their tactics against them. The above facts show that both the Byzantine and the Mongolian armies were extremely disciplined and can be compared to the modern day warfare. Both the armies of the two empires understood how to conduct campaigns and avoid fighting individual battles till death. These empires initiated the art of operational techniques however, at that point of time they did not codify the techniques. The Maintenance of the two empires With regard to the maintenance of two empires one very significant similarity between the two empires is that the Byzantines and the Mongols were both great combat engineers. In fact the Romans are considered to be the best combat engineers that the world has ever seen. Another strategic similarity between the two empires is the use of fear. Historians claim that in most cases the Mongolians tried to induce fear into the minds of their enemies. The success of the tactics that the Mongolians generally resorted to was the use of fear that tried to induce capitulation in the population in the enemy land (Allsen, 1997). The Byzantine empire strategies were also similar. However, the inducement of fear was a more natural phenomenon with the enemy states. Due to the fear of the armies of the Byzantine empire most of the enemies lost half their battles before the battle started. Hence these three are the essential strategic similarities between the two great empires that existed in modern history. Conclusion After a brief study of the two empires that existed in history it can be concluded that one very common thing between the two empires other than the strategic similarities were that both the empires were extremely influential. Modern history has been greatly affected by the different techniques and strategies that these two empires have undertaken during their reigns. Nevertheless, if the powers of both the empires were calculated in the situation of a combat between the two empires the chances of the Mongols defeating the Romans were more. This is because the coordination and synchronization of forces among the Mongolians were far stronger as compared to the Roman of the Byzantine forces. References Allsen, T. (1997).Commodity and exchange in the Mongol Empire. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ArieÃÅ'â‚ ¬s, P., Duby, G. (1987).A history of private life. Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. Franke, H., Twitchett, D. (2008).The Cambridge history of China. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Franzius, E. (1967).History of the Byzantine Empire. New York: Funk Wagnalls. Gibbon, E., Low, D. (1960).The decline and fall of the Roman Empire. New York: Harcourt, Brace. Sermier, C. (2002).Mongolia. Hong Kong: Odyssey. VasilÊÂ ¹ev, A. (1952).History of the Byzantine Empire, 324-1453. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.