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Gandhi s Influence On Indian Politics - 937 Words

During India’s struggle to gain independence from Great Britain, a revolutionary leader emerged from the chaos. It was Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi’s teachings of Satyagraha that lead the fight for India’s freedom. Satyagraha was not only the practice of non-violence but also the rejection of â€Å"every form of violence, direct or indirect†¦whether in thought, word, or deed† (Dalton 29).Gandhi believed non-violence was an act of â€Å"pure love† in the face of hate and his legacy vividly survives through the cultures he inspired. In this essay, I will assess the ways his non-violent teachings influenced other political struggles along with the advantages and disadvantages as a result. After gaining freedom from Great Britain, the people of India finally possessed the proper â€Å"knowledge, the resources, and the social institutions† (Koshal 312), to develop and progress. Gandhi greatly influenced Indian politics. In order to thrive economically, India adopted Gandhian economics, ideologies and â€Å"the economic philosophy of Gandhi [containing] clear-cut concepts of planned development† (Koshal 311). Gandhi believed that economics should be linked to cultural and human values. The National Planning Committee used that principle to form an economic plan and democratic system specifically for India and its problems. The National Planning Committee composed plans that stressed for better housing, diets, and clothing for the people of India based off of the teachings of Gandhi. In addition toShow MoreRelatedGandhi : Gandhi And Essence Of His Movement1613 Words   |  7 PagesSecular Gandhi and Essence of his movement in Revolutionizing Congress Mahatma Gandhi was a political and spiritual leader, though not in a religious sense. He was a religious person but believed that all religions were equal and did not advocate on religion over another. Gandhi was born in 1869 in Porbandar on the Western coast of India and raised by Hindu parents, Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi found many opportunities in his youth to meet people of all faiths. He had many Christian and Muslim friendsRead MoreGandhi s Effect On The World1174 Words   |  5 PagesGandhi’s Salt march which had the Indian independence. Gandhi played a major role in the development of nonviolence and peace activities. Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was the pre-eminent political and spiritual bellwether of India and the Indian independence movement. He had many adherents, and edified many how to protest placidly, instead of utilizing violence and war. Gandhi is a role model for many people today and is one of the most famous of all nonviolent activists. Gandhi made an imm ensely colossalRead MoreGandhi s Early Self Identification1690 Words   |  7 Pagesdays Mahatma Gandhi was the primary leader of India’s independence movement and also the architect of a form of non-violent civil disobedience that would influence the world. Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, popularly known as Gandhi, was born to Putlibai on October 2nd, 1869 in Porabandar,India. His father, Karamchand Uttamchand Gandhi served as the Diwan chief minister of Porbandar state. The Indian classics, especially the stories of and king Harishchandra, had a great impact on Gandhi in his childhoodRead MoreIndian Independence Movement and Gandhi979 Words   |  4 Pages#65279; Gandhi was an influential figure in our society. He taught many people about equal rights, honouring thy neighbour, and peace and tranquillity. Although at times his actions were deemed improbable and insane nevertheless, they were effective. Life of Mohatama Gandhi;his goals he accomplish for freedom for South Africa; and how Mohatama finally obtained freedom for India. Gandhi, also known as Mahatma Gandhi, was born in the present state of Gujarat on October 2, 1869. He wasRead MoreGandhi`s Achivements and Failures Essay961 Words   |  4 Pages amp;#65279; Gandhi was an influential figure in our society. He taught many people about equal rights, honouring thy neighbour, and peace and tranquillity. Although at times his actions were deemed improbable and insane nevertheless, they were effective. Life of Mohatama Gandhi; his goals he accomplish for freedom for South Africa; and how Mohatama finally obtained freedom for India. Gandhi, also known as Mahatma Gandhi, was born in the present state of Gujarat on October 2, 1869. He wasRead MoreMahatma Gandhi And Nelson Mandela1447 Words   |  6 PagesIf Mahatma Gandhi never inspired Nelson Mandela to fulfill his vision for human rights, would Nelson Mandela have inspired Barack Obama to continue that legacy? Mahatma Gandhi practiced civil disobedience and lobbied for the rights of Indians in South Africa and India. Nelson Mandela hungered and fought for a South Africa, where all races were equal and unified as nationalists. Barack Obama sought to build a more tolerant United States through his historic presidency, immigration policies, andRead MoreQuetext. About Faq Contact. Early Days Mahatma Gandhi Was1353 Words   |  6 Pagesdays Mahatma Gandhi was the primary leader of India’s independence movement and also the architect of a form of non-violent civil disobedience that would influence the world. Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, popularly known as Gandhi, was born to Putlibai on October 2nd, 1869 in Porabandar,India. His father, Karamchand Uttamchand Gandhi served as the Diwan chief minister of Porbandar state. The Indian classics, especially the stories of and king Harishchandra, had a great impact on Gandhi in his childhoodRead MoreGandhi : Gandhi And Influential Religious Political Leaders Of The Twentieth Century1464 Words   |  6 PagesMohandas Karamchand Gandhi was one of the most admired and influential religious political leaders of the twentieth century. Gandhi is acknowledged as the Father of the Nation or Bapu due to his astonishing contributions towards the independence of India, by becoming an amazing freedom fighter who led India as a leader of Nationalism, against British rule. Gandhi was one of such that believed in nonviolence, the unity of people, and bringing spirituality upon Indian politics. He worked incrediblyRead MoreGandhi : An Indian Politician1164 Words   |  5 PagesMohandas Karamchand Gandhi born in 2 October 1869 in Porbandar and died in Delhi on January 30 1948, at the age of 78 year s old. He is from a rich Hindouiste family of the caste of Vaishyas (caste of the traders), just below the caste of the members of a religious order of the warriors. He is the youngest of his 3 other brothers. He was a spiritual guide and an Indian politician. His father, Karamchand Gandhi, is Prime Minister of a small principality by inheritance of the privileges of his familyRead MoreWho Is The Leader Of The Indian National Congress?1507 Words   |  7 Pages At first glance, these two historical figures could not seem more distant. Mohandas Gandhi campaigned a universal and tolerant version of religion and upheld these beliefs through his political movement. In contrast, Osama bin Laden has been credited for creating an antagonistic and combative interpretation of traditional Islam that led to some of the most gruesome acts of terror observed in the twenty first century. Although both of their ideals stand on opposite ends of the spectrum, they

The Metamorphosis of Johnny Tremain Tremain Essay Example For Students

The Metamorphosis of Johnny Tremain Tremain Essay The Metamorphosis of Johnny Tremain Johnny Tremain is like a butterfly; he went through a transformation. Johnny Tremain is a book by Esther Forbes about a crippled boy during the American Revolution and the events he endures. Johnny Tremain was a very dynamic character because people and events affected him. People change main characters in many books. Johnny Tremain is no exception. In Johnnys case it was the Lyte and the Lapham families. Both the Lapham family and the Lyte family probably did not mean to change Johnny, but they did. Johnny was orphaned after his mother died but was able to stay in the Laphams house and to be an apprentice to Mr. Lapham, an elderly silver smith who educated Johnny in this art. He was always Mr. Laphams favorite because Johnny was the finest apprentice out of the three that were there until Dove, one of the apprentices, passed Johnny a cracked crucible. Johnnys thumb then got grown into his palm when he healed. After the injury, Mr. Lapham and the whole family found Johnny useless and queer (because of his thumb). `Dont touch me! Dont touch me with that dreadful hand! Issanah squealed. After then Johnny grasped the fact that he went from the top to the bottom in a matter of days. It taught him that nothing is forever. Furthermore, Mrs. Lapham a widowed mother of four, was probably the cruelest Lapham of all, after he got crippled. She told him that he was only good for picking rags. She also virtually shooed Johnny out of the house. This made Johnny go find a better life outside of the Laphams shop. It also taught him to be independent. There is usually more than one family that changes a dynamic character like Johnny. The Lyte family also helped Johnny in his transformation. The Lytes are Johnnys rich relatives that claim they are not related to Johnny. Johnny has a silver cup to prove his relation, but the Lytes still deny any relation to Johnny and claim that he stole the cup from them. When Johnny was first looking for a job, he thought he could go to the Lytes and ask for some money. Johnny thought it was his last resort and became dependent on the fact that he is related to the richest merchant in Boston. They disregarded Johnny and even took him to court. Johnny slowly weaned himself off the fact that they were his relatives and became more independent. They also affected Johnny in the very end of the book. The Lytes decide to move back to London because of all the ruckus going on in Boston. Lavinia Lyte (Johnnys second cousin) finally admits to him that he is a relative of the Lytes. He gets to take care of the Lytes estate and he could inherit some money. As one can see the people played a big part in making Johnny a dynamic character. Another key element in his metamorphosis is the events that take place throughout the book. After he burnt his hand Johnny got kicked out of the Laphams house. At first glance, the accident looked like it was going to ruin his life but it in fact, made it better. The incident made him get a job with the Lornes, it involved him in the Revolutionary War, and he met good friends (just to name a few). Although his injury to his hand greatly affected Johnnys life other events also helped Johnny through with his transformation. Distributing newspapers for the Lornes was a big event that changed his life. He was put in charge of delivering newspapers and messages by horseback for the Lorne family, a family who runs the Boston Observer, a newspaper. Before he started delivering he had to learn how to ride a horse. When Johnny learned how to ride a horse it made a big difference. First of all, he got to travel along the countryside it made him feel free and independent. Additionally, ridding a horse made him feel good. .u27a6f35769a10758f0c7d49b67cf7f1c , .u27a6f35769a10758f0c7d49b67cf7f1c .postImageUrl , .u27a6f35769a10758f0c7d49b67cf7f1c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u27a6f35769a10758f0c7d49b67cf7f1c , .u27a6f35769a10758f0c7d49b67cf7f1c:hover , .u27a6f35769a10758f0c7d49b67cf7f1c:visited , .u27a6f35769a10758f0c7d49b67cf7f1c:active { border:0!important; } .u27a6f35769a10758f0c7d49b67cf7f1c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u27a6f35769a10758f0c7d49b67cf7f1c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u27a6f35769a10758f0c7d49b67cf7f1c:active , .u27a6f35769a10758f0c7d49b67cf7f1c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u27a6f35769a10758f0c7d49b67cf7f1c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u27a6f35769a10758f0c7d49b67cf7f1c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u27a6f35769a10758f0c7d49b67cf7f1c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u27a6f35769a10758f0c7d49b67cf7f1c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u27a6f35769a10758f0c7d49b67cf7f1c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u27a6f35769a10758f0c7d49b67cf7f1c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u27a6f35769a10758f0c7d49b67cf7f1c .u27a6f35769a10758f0c7d49b67cf7f1c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u27a6f35769a10758f0c7d49b67cf7f1c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Written Speech on Teen Suicide Essay He could do tasks even though he was a cripple. He finally had a job that .

paper Essays - Mental Health Professionals, Confidentiality, Secrecy

Counseling is a complex profession bound by a series of ethical guidelines that many other people are not (Course Hero, n.d.). Trained therapists can be a great help to their clients, but can also sometimes perform a great disservice to them (Course Hero, n.d.). Many of these codes of ethics that counselors are made to follow are instrumental in how effective one can be with their patient. For example, much like doctors, counselors are bound to confidentiality Sometimes this can raise certain ethical dilemmas such as if it were revealed that the patient has committed a crime. (Course Hero, n.d.) In other cases, the counselor may discover a drug addiction, but be limited in the steps that can be taken to help their client with the problem. Dr. Rich points out that counselors are, (Course Hero, n.d.) "not policemen" and are not, "[their] client's mother". (Course Hero, n.d.) Instead, he argues, counselors should view themselves as a helper and as a catalyst for change that the client wants to achieve, rather than as the sole initiator. "Urging the client to seek help themselves is a critical step in adhering to the ethics both set forth by the American Psychological Association and binding the counselor to the assurance of getting their client the help that is needed."(Course Hero, n.d.)There are five basic principles of the codes of ethics that counselors must abide by: beneficence - or accepting responsibility for promoting what is good for others (enhance the client's well being) - non-maleficence - or doing no harm; avoiding activities that have a high risk of hurting clients - autonomy - meaning the clients are the self-determiners and weigh the consequences of their own actions, and that client dependency should be decreased while independent decision making is fostered - justice - the equal and fair treatment of all clients - and fidelity - or the honoring of commitment to clients. These five moral values are the basis upon which the professional ethics o f counseling are built. Understanding these five principles lends to derivation of the entirety of the professional code. Counselors must also provide informed consent, meaning that clients understand all the ethical and moral considerations that counselors must adhere to, understand their rights of privacy and the limitations of this confidentiality, and know their rights to access all files pertaining to their sessions.The majority of the ethical requirements for counselors are created for a twofold purpose, being both to serve the client and to serve the counselor. It is ideal if the morals of the counselor never come in to play. In other words, responsibility should be deferred to a larger body that sets forth the code of ethics than to each counselor who must make determinations on the spot. For example, the requirements of confidentiality are such that no information about any client may be revealed to any source at any time unless the client poses a danger to themselves or ot hers, is under 16 or over 65 and a victim of physical or sexual abuse, threatens physical or sexual abuse to persons under 16 or over 65, or unless part of a court action. By setting forth these rigid guidelines, individual counselors are not required to rely on a stand of personal morality to make determinations but must, instead, adhere to an outside body's ethical rules. The primary effect of ethical issues on counselors is to establish a method of protection for both counselor and client with an accepted and orthodox set of guidelines that do not challenge or call into consideration the individual morals of the people involved. In this way, ethics' is separated from morals'. A non-denominational set of ethics established for the safety of persons bound by said set prevents snap moral decisions that would result in a variation between counselors. These ethical guides present a method of unifying and normalizing the profession of counseling

Did the Soldiers Themselves Give a More Accurate essays

Did the Soldiers Themselves Give a More Accurate essays In this essay I will be comparing official accounts, soldiers accounts, paintings, poems, and textbook sources based on trench warfare. Section A is a series of textbook sources and I will be comparing these to sources in Sections B, C, and D. I will be also comparing these sources to a video that e watched in class. Whilst I compare the sources I will be considering the reliability, accuracy, validity, and the source of every different account. To find out how accurate each source is I will be discussing the provenance, content, other sources and my own knowledge. I have taken into mind that the historians and soldiers will have different views to one another. Most information in the form of paintings and photos would have probably been censored. All of the soldiers accounts would have been from memory and might not be as reliable as the textbook sources that are very reliable because they are secondary evidence. I will also have to consider the time that the source was taken or recorded, the location and weather the writer had a motive or not. Depending on the position that the soldiers were will make some sources less reliable. This is because one source could say that the soldiers were in a good condition and one could say they werent. For each source I will be commenting on them and then comparing them to the other sources in the booklet that we were provided. If the sources that are in Sections B, C, and D can be linked I with the sources in Section A I will immediately know weather they are reliable or not, this is because the sources in section A are very reliable the information in the other sources that I linked to them has a very strong chance of being reliable. I will be using section A, which are textbook sources as the basis to test the reliability of the official accounts and soldiers accounts. I know that the textbook sources will generally be reliable, as the historians have researched the info...

Enthalpy of Atomization Definition (Chemistry)

Enthalpy of Atomization Definition (Chemistry) Enthalpy of atomization is the amount of enthalpy change when a compounds bonds are broken and the component elements are reduced to individual atoms. Enthalpy of atomization is always a positive value and never a negative number.Enthalpy of atomization is denoted by the symbol ΔHa. How Enthalpy of Atomization Is Calculated If pressure is held constant, enthalpy change equals the change in the internal energy of a system. So, enthalpy of atomization equals the sum of the enthalpies of fusion and vaporization. For example, for the diatomic molecule chlorine gas (Cl2), the enthalpy of atomization under standard conditions is simply the bond energy of Cl2. All that is needed to atomize the substance is to break the bonds between gaseous molecules. For sodium (Na) metal at standard conditions, atomization requires separating atoms joined by metallic bonds. The enthalpy of atomization is the sum of the enthalpy of fusion and the enthalpy of vaporization of sodium. For any elemental solid, the enthalpy of atomization is the same as the enthalpy of sublimation. Related Term Standard enthalpy of atomization is the enthalpy change that occurs when one mole of a sample is dissociated into its atoms under standard conditions of 298.15 K temperature and 1 bar of pressure.

The Protestant reformation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Protestant reformation - Essay Example Martin Luther started the Protestant Reformation when he nailed his manifesto on the chapel door on October 31, 1517, in Wittenberg. The manifesto consisted of ninety-five theses.That day was the Feast of All Saints in which pious folk came to venerate the precious relics of His Highness the Elector, Frederick the Wise. Valuable indulgences were gained when one venerates the relics. Luther's document was about the abuse of the granting of indulgences to the people. He stated that those preaching in favor of indulgences make a serious error when they say that these indulgences alone can grant man salvation. Luther stated that the indulgences have only one merit, which is to bring money to the church. He also attacked the theological teachings of Catholicism. He stated that true contrition means being open to doing penance for their sins. The indulgences granted by the Church remits the punishment due to sin. Luther believed in justice by faith alone without the necessity of good works . Through the grace of Jesus Christ, the soul's sins are covered by a cloak of light. Thus the one means and only hope of salvation is to entrust oneself to Christ, as it were to cling to Him.There were many causes of the Protestant Reformation. First, the moral authority of the Church in the temporal and spiritual spheres had been diminished. This development was due to the opulence and liberal ways of the Church leaders and bishops at that time.By the sixteenth century, pockets of discontent and indignation had seriously affected Christian unity in France, England,Italy and Germany. Italy and Germany. The strength of the Papacy had also weakened due to constant political differences with the different European leaders who harbored political ambitions. Difficulties and conflicts also rocked the Papacy. In 1305, a Frenchman ascended to the chair of Peter. The new pope, Clement V, settled in France. The Papacy established itself for 70 years at Avignon, France beginning in 1307. It w as during this time that the Papacy had diminished in influence and in public esteem. The Popes had been seen as opulent, bureaucratic, politically-astute politicians and businessmen. Due to the shifting loyalties of its closest allies, the Papacy had also lost its independence and international character. Pope Gregory XI vigorously pursued the heretics and remained true to the faith. After Gregory XI died, a new pope Urban VI, was elected to succeed him. However, the French, who were dissatisfied,decided to elect an anti-pope. Moreover, there was a rise in anti-clericalism in Europe combined with the spread of mysticism and heresy. (Gochberg 43) The most important cause of the Protestant Reformation was the abuse of the use of indulgences by some Catholic preachers. Some of them just wanted the money of the people and they made a business out of a holy practice. Many of the poor Catholics had felt offended and had decided to turn away from the faith. Some of these became Protestants. 2. Historians often consider to the Renaissance to be the "birth of modernity." It was during the Renaissance that Florence used her widespread and highly organized business to extend her banking business parallel to that of her commerce. Florentine banking business controlled the credit all over Christian Europe. The wealth of Florence established the banking business in the Middle Ages. Florence had trounced all its competitors. In 1338, there were eighty Florentine firms doing frenetic banking and exchange business. The Florentines had exchanges everywhere: London, Bruges, Paris, Avignon, Majorca, Pisa, Genoa and Venice. (Greer, 50) Renaissance represented a time for freedom for thought and culture. The Renaissance was the portal to secular humanism which emphasized of an anthropocentric perspective. In this scenario, man determines right and wrong. Secularism states that economics, society, and politics functions well without the intervention of religion. Religion, which used to dominate the

Time Value of Money Calculations Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Time Value of Money Calculations - Assignment Example Capital budgeting decisions are based on an evaluation of the cash flows expected from investing in a specific project (Emery et al 2007). Projects are evaluated using methods such as: net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR), payback period (described as simple payback) and discounted payback period. These methods can assist management in deciding which project among a set of options yields the best return or whether a particular project should be undertaken. The NPV is the net balance of the initial investment after deducting future cash flows at present values. The implication of a negative NPV indicates the failure of the project to generate enough funds to pay up the initial investments as well as to facilitate some returns to shareholders. Information contained in the Appendix indicates that the project has a positive NPV of $16,692. This implies that the project would be beneficial to the organization The IRR is the discount rate that equates the present value of a project’s cash flows with the cost of the project (Brigham and Ehrhardt 2005). This occurs when NPV is equal to Zero (0). If used appropriately it is a valuable tool in the selection of projects (Hazen 2003). The IRR of the Server Update project is 10.13 per cent. This is 2.13 per cent above the organization’s cost of capital and therefore offers a positive return to shareholders. See Appendix 1 for the solution. According to Brigham and Ehrhardt (2005) the simple payback period indicates the time period over which the project recovers the initial investment. In performing the calculations the annual cash flows are set off against the initial outflow until there is a positive balance. Investments with long payback periods are considered to be risky compared to those with relatively short payback periods and so this method has a bias for short term projects. Additionally, the simple payback method does not take into account the time value of money since it

Film Production Descriptive Essay Example for Free

Film Production Descriptive Essay The development stage is one of the most crucial stages for a producer, it is where you get the chance to plan every aspect of your production before you begin pre-production and production. The chance to get the ball rolling right. During the discovery stage of the film it is the producers role to obtained rights or an option to a film that he thinks is promising, if the rights owner is worried that their novel might be tainted by a film maker the producer must come to a legal agreement to maintain a certain set of standards concerning film director, cast and art department. Pre-production Producers role is to meet with all other heads of department to discuss direction of film, intent, budget and other relevant items needed before any production is to start. Legal documentation, planning, hiring, actors, art department. It is the producers role to helm all the creative people involved in the production as well as give some creative input. Financially it is the producers role to organise financing for the film whether that be through loans, offsets, co production, investors. The producer must discuss with all heads of department information gathered during development phases. Production The producers role during production is to organise all departments into a functioning crew. The producer may often not be on set personally whilst much of the principal photography is going on, thus they will appoint executive producers, line producers and associate producers to oversee their interests during production. Post production The producer has final say in the edit and sound used for the film, what scenes are shown and ultimately whether or not more footage will need to be shot after principal photography. For example, they might want an alternate ending. Distribution Distribution is the second of the most important stages of the production process. Distribution is where you get to create an audience for your film! As a producer your goal is to obviously have people watch your production and the distribution phase is where the producer gets to plan marketing objectives and then distribution objectives. This is the most rewarding stage of the process but also the most difficult for many considering our media overloaded world. What is meant by Genre, Auteur and Mise-En-Scene. Give examples of three different feature film genres and the major elements that define each particular genre, as well as some specific examples of the genre. Also give an example of an auteur, including examples of his/her films. Give an example of two completely different mise-en-scenes for a simple dialogue scene between two people having an argument about their relationship. The basics for the genre is drama, or the type of it. In feature films there are many types of genre, for example action, horror, romance, sci-fi, comedy. Essentially drama is telling you what the film will be loosely based around. Action Action scenes where there is intense action!! Guns, Cars, Stunts, Explosions Romance Often a story about a romantic encounter, relationships, sex Comedy- Often a story with comedic elements intended for the audience to enjoy themselves and laugh An autuer is a filmmaker whos pieces of work are distinctive in terms of the cast, locale, theme and visual style and is therefore considered an author of their work. One of my favourite authors is Baz Lurhmann whos first three productions are said to be the red curtain trilogy in which each of the three films has similarities. Each film establishes their story through a established thematic device, Dancing from Strictly Ballroom, poetry from Romeo and Juliet and music in Moulin Rogue. Each film also has a plot which is based off a well known story or myth. And there is a theatre motif which appears throughout all the films. What are the various contracts and other documents a Producer is responsible for when producing a feature film? There is quite a lot of documentation and contracts that go along with a film production, all of which a producer is responsible for. Contracts and agreements range from; assignment of copyright, production and investment agreements, film producers indemnity, multi-risks insurance, safety reports, Production agreement, non-disclosure agreements, post production deals, facilities deals. Chain of Title Assignment of Copyright The assignments of rights from the original artist to the producer, therefore the producer is now able to reproduce the work. Chain of Title The chain of title in film is a set of documentation that establishes the producers right to create and market the film. Typically includes, scriptwriters agreements, development agreements option agreements and rights assignments. Buyout A re-assignment to the producer from a development investor acting on behalf of the copyright owner in a project on repayment of the development investment plus interest. Option A purchase of time for a film to develop the work. Producers typically take out options on a work for a specific time and fee. This gives them the exclusive right to develop and finance the film.m Producers indemnity Insurance which provides financial compensation for the films budget in case of the production going over budget because of death, injury or illness. Multi-risks insurance Insurance that provides compensation if any production equipment is damaged during principal photography What are the various financial sources for an Australian Film? Explain what each one is Screen Australia Screen Queensland Producer Offset This is a grant given by the government to the production after completion of the film some films use this money for the budget as they can rely on it after completion or it helps to achieve a film that will do better in distribution. Broadcasting Company grant/funding Co-Productions Grants Money that is donated to the production that does not need to be paid back

Essay on Figurative Language in A Work of Artifice -- Work Artifice

Figurative Language in A Work of Artifice by Marge Piercy  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   "A clever trick, crafty device, or stratagem" is how Webster's Encyclopedia of Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language defines Artifice. Marge Piercy definitely used "crafty" techniques in writing "A Work of Artifice." In this poem, Piercy reflects on the growth of a bonsai tree, considering the molded existence of what it is to what it could have naturally been. With deeper analysis of this poem, the correlation between a bonsai tree and the shaped role of women within society becomes evident. The poet introduces one specific metaphor in the beginning, comparing the growth of a bonsai tree to the development of women. This single metaphor is supported throughout the remainder of the poem by the implementing a significant shift, using imagery, and using additional metaphors. The first three-quarters of Piercy's poem focuses on just the bonsai tree, in regards to its potential and what it has actually become. In this segment of the poem, the writer refers to the bonsai tree using the direct article and direct addresses. Both techniques are utilized to describe the tree in detail. For example, using the direct address, Piercy explains: "It is nine inches high." The poet then changes the voice in line12, but still specifically focuses on the tree: "It is your nature to be small and weak." Such a slight alteration as the speaker uses "your" is a transition for the major shift within Piercy's poem. The writer had focused strictly on the bonsai tree in lines previous to line 17. At line 17, she encourages the reader to relate the bonsai tree to "living creatures." Opening up the topic of the poem beyond the concept of the bonsai tree is a method used to make ... ...of Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language as "a tree or shrub that has been dwarfed by certain methods, as by pruning the roots and pinching and wiring the shoots and branches to produce a desired shape and effect." In her poem, "A Work of Artifice," Marge Piercy uses artifice to express to her readers how women, similar to the bonsai tree, have been "pinched and pruned" into a molded role within society. Piercy employs this metaphoric comparison between the tree and women to support her theme throughout the entire poem. The various poetic devices that facilitate the writer's comparison include a voice shift of the speaker, use of imagery, and further use of metaphors. Marge Piercy is very successful in subtly conveying her message to her readers. She is able to present the growth of women and the limitations they have faced without hastily attacking the issue.

Ashford University Essay

Pornography is very addictive and can destroy someone’s marriage and life. This addiction can, and in many cases, lead to someone committing very serious sexual crimes. People who look at porn often look for more perversity in different areas. The resources from which I found my information on is the Ashford Library and a couple credible internet sites. There are several reasons why people turn to porn. Some reasons are for seeing their own fantasies acted out because they can’t act them out with their own partner / spouse, some people want to avoid intimacy within their own relationship for personal reasons, some just do it for personal pleasure. But for whatever reason, there is always a consequence that will follow. According to the American Academy of Matrimonial Lawyers (AAML), 56% of divorces occur because one spouse keeps returning to a pornographic website. These men / women feel as though they are being compared to these people in the pornographic films or pict ures. Whether it’s the man or the woman who is watching porn inside the marriage, in most cases, they are doing this against their spouses wishes. This leads to lack of intimacy, low self esteem, shame, and lack of trust. This also makes the spouse feel as if they are no longer found attractive. â€Å"Just ask your spouse how confident they feel being naked in front of you after you’ve looked at pornography and you’ll understand this one.† ( http://www.debttolife.com ). Many people say that they introduce porn into their marriage to spice their love life up but in the end all this does is slowly destroy the intimacy that was there. After watching pornography people’s views are completely changed. After being exposed to R-  rated material men no longer see their spouse as they once did. They look at them now more as an object rather than an individual that they love. Studies have shown (http://www.webmd.com ) that pornography can be just the same as an addiction. Some experts who have studied porn addiction have called the effects of porn on the brain toxic and also compared it to the deadly drug cocaine (WebMD, 2014). These addicts no longer just suffer from nights without sleep or unpaid credit card bills but they are also becoming more engaged in group sex and sexual contact with animals. Other effects that have surfaced from pornography include acting out what they have seen in porn material, sexual acts towards children both boys and girls, and rape using foreign materials / objects. (The Forerunner, 1991). Child pornography is a disgusting fact that we hear about every day. â€Å"Child pornography is the visual depiction of sexually explicit conduct includes acts such as intercourse, bestiality and masturbation as well as lascivious exhibition of the genitals or pubic area.† (Pulido, 2013). Recently, there were 71 people, 70 men and 1 woman, who were arrested in child pornography charges. Among that 70 included a police officer, a paramedic, a rabbi, an airline pilot, an architect, and a Boy Scout leader. Many of these people who were arrest had search the phrases â€Å"real child rape† and â€Å"family sex† into their computers search engines turning up extremely disturbing images (Hays, 2014). With so many people connected to the internet it has made this type of crime so easy. Perverts and pedophiles search the web everyday to find new victims. â€Å"The victims are getting younger, and the images more violent.†(Flack). When a picture of a child circles the internet going from one person to another, that child is being re-abused. No child should have to endear that type of suffering, never! A peer – to – peer, also known as P2P, file sharing network, that allows people to share music, videos, and pictures, was under investigation by authorizes and had 3,000 child pornography consumers with tens of thousands of child pornographic images  traded. â€Å"The investigation began after agents, using software available to law enforcement, were able to trace files of child pornography to an I.P. address on a computer used by Brian Fanelli, 54, who until January was the police chief of Mount Pleasant, N.Y† (Berger, 2014). Another, earlier, report back in 2009, out of all the arrest made on P2P users, 33 percent of those arrested had images of children three years old and younger and 42 percent had images of children showing some type of sexual explicit material. (Pulido, 2013). Virtue Ethics is â€Å"A person’s character is the totality of his character traits. Our character traits can be good, bad or somewhere in between. They can be admirable or not. The admirable character traits, the marks of perfection in character, are called virtues, their opposites are vices.†(Garrett, 2005)., I believe that this theory is a big part of someone who is willing to put everything at risk for something so degrading and disrespectful to themselves. A persons character says a lot about who that person is and what that person may be capable of doing. Not everyone has good virtue ethics and this is when one’s character and moral traits come in play. One’s character is shown through their ac tions and behavior, whether this is being good or bad. One’s moral values are shown through their honesty, their loyalty, and their respect for others. As we all know pornography is very popular but it can also cause serious problems. Many people look at the disturbing images not thinking about the consequences, they are only thinking about what is happening at that moment and at that moment that’s what they want to do. I look at this issue using the deontology theory. â€Å"Rather than looking at the consequences of an act, deontology looks at the reason for which an act is done, and the rule according to which one chooses to act.† (Mosser, 2013). I take that as someone doing something on impulse rather than thinking about the consequences that they will face when they act upon their decision. If someone knew that they was going to destroy their marriage by watching porn, if someone knew that by watching porn it would make them fall behind on their bills, or  if someone knew that by watching porn they would go out and commit sexual crimes, do you think they would have continued or even started looking at these image s, I think not! REFERENCES: Berger, J. (2014, May).71 Are Accused in a Child Pornography Case, Officials Say. The New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/22/nyregion/dozens-arrested-in-new-york-state-child-pornography-investigation.html?_r=0 Dr. Garrett. (2005, Nov.) Virtue Ethcs. Retrieved from http://people.wku.edu/jan.garrett/ethics/virtthry.htm Editorial Staff. (1991, Nov.). The Documented Effect of Porn. The Forerunner, X(VI). Retrieved from http://www.forerunner.com/forerunner/X0388_Effects_of_Pornograp.html Flack, (Date, N/A)E. Bill Calls For Harsher Penalties For Possessing Child Porn. Retrieved from http://www.wave3.com/story/4639194/bill-calls-for-harsher-penalties-for-possessing-child-porn Hays, T. (2014, May). Cop, rabbi among 71 charged in child porn case. Telegraph – Herald Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/1527156210?accountid=32521 Mosser, K. (2013). Ethics and social responsibility (2nd ed.). San Diego, CA: Bridgepoint Education, Inc. Pulido, Ph.D. ( Oct, 2013). Child Pornography: Basic Facts About A Horrific Crime. Huffington Post. Retrieved from http://www.huffingtonpost.com/mary-l-pulido-phd/child-pornography-basic-f_b_4094430.html

National Curriculum Subject Of Science

In this assignment I will be looking at the National Curriculum topic of Science. I shall be looking at be aftering a scientific discipline lesson and instruction to a whole category. I will look critically at facets of the scientific discipline course of study, including the Early Years Foundation Stage ( EYFS ) . Once the scientific discipline lesson has been taught, I will measure how good the lesson went, if there was any jobs and if there was, how they were overcome. When be aftering the lesson I will look at the misconceptions in scientific discipline and how resources/strategies help to put these misconceptions straight. I will besides look at ICT in the scientific discipline course of study and how ICT was used in the planned and taught scientific discipline lesson. The manner scientific discipline is taught has been good discussed with those who say that kids should be taught scientific discipline and those who say kids should be taught to hold an apprehension of scientific discipline. Cockburn ( 2001 ) provinces, â€Å" Others hold a well- established position that a chief purpose of school scientific discipline is to advance enthusiasm for the topic and to heighten students ‘ apprehension of, and, involvement in, scientific issues in big life. † ( Cockburn, 2001, pg 183 ) So Cockburn believes that instructors should teach kids in a manner that excites them, and wants them to be influenced in their adult/ calling life. However in the Independent reappraisal of the Primary Curriculum: Concluding study, it looks at the instruction of Science as, â€Å" Scientific and technological apprehension. † ( Rose, 2009, pg 47 ) Rose believes that kids should be taught to hold merely an apprehension of scientific discipline instead than hold learning that leads them to desire a calling in scientific discipline. As a practician I believe that the topic of scientific discipline should be taught to hold an apprehension of scientific discipline. This apprehension should be taught with such creativeness and enthusiasm that the kids will desire to detect and research on their ain. After looking at the National Curriculum for Science, and talking with the category instructor, it was decided that the subdivision on visible radiation and dark was to be taught following. The kids had a basic apprehension on light and dark, due to them holding a brief debut to the topic in a old hebdomad. As the kids are in Key Stage One, in conformity with The National Curriculum for Science ( 1999 ) kids are to be taught, â€Å" To place different visible radiation beginnings, including the Sun. † and â€Å" that darkness in the absence of visible radiation. † ( QCA, 1999, pg19 ) The instruction of light and dark at this phase helps to construct up a foundation for subsequently larning linked to light and sound. An earlier foundation is built in the EYFS, for a acquisition of Science. Such ends are, â€Å" Find out about their environment, and speak about those characteristics they like and dislike. † ( DCSF, 2008, pg 15 ) This builds a foundation for visible radiation and dark ; this is because light/dark is portion of their environment. This end besides allows for schoolroom treatment which is cardinal for their societal edifice accomplishments at this phase. Another foundation gal that is linked to the visible radiation and dark subdivision is, â€Å" Observe, happen out about and place characteristics in the topographic point they love and the natural universe. † ( DCSF, 2008, pg 15 ) This helps to construct a foundation, as the kids are taught about things that occur in the natural universe, i.e. visible radiation and darkness. After light and dark has been taught at Key Stage One, the acquisition continues into Key Stage Two. The first thing that kids are taught is, â€Å" That light travels from a beginning. † ( QCA, 1999, pg 26 ) Others include, that when visible radiation is blocked it forms shadows, that on brooding surfaces the light reverberates and eventually that the visible radiation has to come in our eyes to enable us to see. ( QCA, 1999, pg 26 ) The foundations are built in the EYFS with the kids being taught to detect the universe around them ; this creates a basic cognition needed to reassign to Key Stage one and two. I shall now critically reflect on the scientific discipline course of study, looking at the scientific discipline on a whole. Newton, 2000, pg 232 describes how the scientific discipline course of study faces issues on a whole, â€Å" Here we will look at the demand for you to see certain operational affairs in the primary scientific discipline schoolroom such as jobs of schoolroom administration and direction and the ways in which you and the kids interact during lessons. † So before contemplation on the course of study its ‘ ego, the agreement and way of the schoolroom has come under examination. Newton believes that administration affects the instruction of scientific discipline ; nevertheless Garson looks at how the resources are the precedence. â€Å" A utile manner of guaranting that the schoolroom a instructor plant in is contributing to making scientific discipline activities is to name the demands created by such activities and so guarantee that it is possible, within the peculiar restraints imposed by the school, to fit those demands every bit about as possible. † ( Garson, 2007, pg 78 ) Another issue has been brought up by the Houses of Parliament, â€Å" Factors within primary schools that may impact students ‘ involvement in scientific discipline, include ; whether scientific discipline instruction is adapted by single schools to reflect the involvement of their students ; the focal point on readying for SAT ‘s trials in the last twelvemonth of primary school ; primary instructors ‘ degree of scientific cognition and assurance in learning scientific discipline. † ( Houses of Parliament, 2003, pg 2 ) They believe that there are issues in the primary course of study that discourage the acquisition and enthusiasm of the kids in the schoolroom. However Mertler, 2005, pg 217, writes about a survey conducted with parents and kids. He summarises the decision of the survey, â€Å" 60 % of the parents considered their kids enthusiastic or really enthusiastic about larning scientific discipline both before and after the survey. † The survey was conducted one twelvemonth after the papers from the Houses of Parliament was published. It could be looked upon the papers assisting the instruction of scientific discipline ; by instructor improving and accommodating their instruction methods. Although it is possible that no alterations were implemented and the position of instructors, parents and kids changed for no ground. Another issue in scientific discipline is the job of misconceptions. As described by Tweed, â€Å" The word misconception denotes an mistake in believing about the scientific discipline construct, while prepossession is frequently more accurate, since the thoughts arose from their ain experiences and without formal scientific discipline direction. † ( Tweed, 2009, pg 104 ) Tweed believes that there are lone prepossessions instead than misconceptions. This is because kids perceive scientific discipline from their experience instead than holding a misconception due to deficient instruction. Dean discusses why there could be possible misconceptions in the scientific discipline course of study, â€Å" Children attack scientific discipline with thoughts of their ain about why things are they manner they are and these theories are frequently incompatible with the thoughts instructors want them to larn. † ( Dean, 2005, pg 80 ) The Committee on Undergraduate scientific discipline instruction, 1997, pg 27 looks further into the quandary of misconceptions in scientific discipline. They province, â€Å" Students are frequently able to utilize algorithms to work out numerical jobs without wholly understanding the implicit in scientific discipline construct. † They speculate that kids can cognize replies to inquiries, frequently through rote, but non hold any apprehension of the scientifical background. If kids have no apprehension of the scientifical background of things so how can this aid with their job work outing accomplishments? Looking more closely at misconceptions in scientific discipline, I will now concentrate on light and dark. Looking at the misconceptions in the visible radiation and dark subdivision will assist me be after my lesson subsequently. The first misconception that I come across was that some kids believe, â€Å" The oculus is the lone organ for sight ; the encephalon is the merely for thought. † ( Weiler, 2009 ) Although this is non straight elated to light and dark on the whole it is linked. This is because kids need to larn that the visible radiation helps us to see, but we can utilize our other senses to happen things. A survey conducted by Pine, Messer and St.John, 2001, pg 11, besides noted some misconceptions of kids, some of these include, â€Å" One kid thought you light a bulb by seting it in the Sun, another believed that visible radiations are the chief beginning of visible radiation. Four instructors highlighted the misconception that the Moon is a beginning of visible radiation. † St John, Pine and Messer, 2001 conducted a he-man with instructors on the misconceptions in scientific discipline. There were many misconceptions within the scientific discipline course of study. It is hard to understand how kids have these misconceptions/ prepossessions. Where the kid thought that a light bulb demands to be put in the Sun to visible radiation, it is possible that this is a prepossession instead than a misconception. The kids might hold experience with solar energy, but non hold the scientifical apprehension that the bulb could be powered in an alternate manner. However, if there are possible misconceptions for the visible radiation and dark subdivision, it is accomplishable and indispensable to get rid of them. There are many ways to subvert misconceptions ; the most good is published by the Committee on Undergraduate scientific discipline instruction, 1997, pg 30, â€Å" Carefully selected presentations are one manner of assisting pupils overcome misconceptions. † This peculiar system of get the better ofing misconceptions helps kids who are kinesthetic scholars, as kids learn best by making. If the instructor was to utilize shows with the kids, the ‘hands on ‘ larning attack will assist to overcome the misconceptions. Bing able to place possible misconceptions and how to get the better of them is acute to assist when be aftering lessons. Planing lessons is important to assist raise the accomplishment of the kids and to run into the standards set by the National Curriculum, â€Å" There are four chief schemes for raising accomplishment. They are: a planned course of study that has both comprehensiveness and deepness ; strategies of work that break down the course of study into manageable balls ; effectual lesson programs ; distinction, so that each kid is able to work to his or her ain potency and non execute undertakings that are either excessively easy or excessively hard. † ( Smith, 2002, pg 96 ) If instructors are to learn to the right criterion and beyond so they should be after their lessons with links to the National Curriculum. Using the QCA strategies of work will assist every bit will the use of distinction. As cited earlier the kids will be looking at the visible radiation and dark subdivision of the scientific discipline course of study. The misconceptions faced earlier are assistive towards the planning of the lesson. This is because presentations will be projected to help kids repress their misconceptions. Teachers besides need to be after for distinction during any topic, nevertheless from experience it can assist to hold assorted ability groups that will back up each other. Newton, 2000, pg 216 describes how instructor should travel about planning for scientific discipline, â€Å" When planning for scientific discipline there are four peculiar standards you need to thing about ; comprehensivenesss, balance, continuity and patterned advance. † Newton conceives that to be after a scientific discipline lesson, instructors should believe about ‘breadth ‘ . The ‘breadth ‘ agencies to cover a broad scope of each subdivision ; non merely concentrating on each sub-section separately. The ‘balance ‘ of the planning is the balance of learning for an apprehension and consecutive frontward learning. ‘Continuity ‘ is linked with the appraisal, guaranting that the kids to the full understand before traveling on to the following subject. Finally ‘progression ‘ can besides be associated to continuity. It focuses more on guaranting the kids have a full apprehension and any misconceptions have been overco me. When be aftering the lesson I felt it was needed and good to re-cover any anterior cognition they may hold. Walker, 2008, pg 9 besides suggests utilizing this clip to recap old lessons/ cognition, â€Å" In a typical hr lesson this will take 5-10 proceedingss. Its intent is to give pupils a spirit of the lesson and to acquire them believing. Alternatively it could be an activity to arouse what they remember from a old lesson. † The starting motor of the lesson will be a PowerPoint that will be synergistic and able to be used on the SMART Board. I decided to utilize PowerPoint as it is package that can be projected onto the SMART Board which will enable the kids to interact with the PowerPoint. Likewise PowerPoint is package that I have a batch of experience with, so I am able to determine that it is an exciting stimulation for the kids. Miller, Averis and Sherran, 2004, pg 7 describe in item how good utilizing PowerPoint/ synergistic whiteboard in the schoolroom can be. They suggest that it can motivate both the kids and the instructor ; in many instances it can help concentration. It is besides non clip consuming, leting farther clip for independent work. Potter and Roberts, 2002, besides study on the benefits of utilizing PowerPoint, â€Å" Using a computing machine helps pupils to widen their concentration and doggedness ; since they are extremely motivated to win in their undertaking, students will persist for far longer that they would with a undertaking on paper. † PowerPoint helps all kids with their concentration non merely those who are ocular and kinesthetic scholars. Looking at my ain experience in the schoolroom, when other instructors have used PowerPoint I have observed kids, who ne'er typically answer, seting their manus up and holding a attempt. I chose to utilize PowerPoint over any other package because of the broad scope of interaction and media available when utilizing it. Besides it is compatible with about all laptops and desktop computing machines, so there would be no issues, during the lesson, with compatibility. However some believe that there are issues when utilizing PowerPoint in the schoolroom, Brown, 2007, pg 1 notes that in some instances people/children can go un-affected by PowerPoint ‘s if they are used excessively much and in emanation. However it could be argued that if the presentations were synergistic and prosecuting so neither the kids nor the instructor would go tired of them. Chin, 2004, pg 29 besides notes a frequent issue when utilizing PowerPoint in the schoolroom. He believes that some instructors can be allured by the broad scope of media available and over usage it, therefore doing it endearing but besides deflecting for some kids. On the other manus the scope of media used, could, show a benefit to those in the schoolroom. This is because each type of media ( exposures, sketchs, picture, sound or graphs ) is suited to cover all of the different acquisition manners that the kids have. ICT should be used in the schoolroom at a assortment of times whether it is to ; present a subject, re-cap old lessons work, to informally assess kids or as an educational activity for those kids who have finished their work early. However there are besides times when ICT should non be used, the main clip is when a kid is fighting with their work ; this clip should be a one to one instructor focal point clip. The PowerPoint I used in my lesson links to the larning nonsubjective, â€Å" That there are many beginnings of visible radiation. â€Å" ( QCA, 1998, pg 2 ) This is taken from the QCA Schemes of work for Science. The PowerPoint ( Appendix A ) links to this peculiar acquisition aim. This is because it asks kids what kind of beginnings of visible radiation they can believe of. Then to widen their cognition the kids are so able to play a game placing the light beginnings. As I used PowerPoint during my lesson instead than any other ICT, I feel that the lesson flowed more easy. Besides as I used ICT at the beginning of the lesson I sense the kids were focused. By utilizing an synergistic piece of package I was able to detect the kids and inquiry them, whilst they were playing the game. Sing the PowerPoint and the kids in footings of accomplishment I feel as though it did assist the kids to carry through. The PowerPoint helped the kids meet the required acquisition aim, it besides help the kids to derive an apprehension of the many available light beginnings. When be aftering the independent portion of the lesson, I felt that this was the best country to assist get the better of the kids ‘s misconceptions. As radius about earlier the best manner to get the better of the misconceptions is through presentation. Wragg and Brown, 2001, pg 15 besides back up the theory of ‘how ‘ , â€Å" Wrapped inside a ‘why? ‘ inquiry is frequently a ‘how? ‘ inquiry. † The best manner to reply ‘how? ‘ is to actively include the inquirer in a presentation, this is frequently more helpful as the kids learn best by making, which Wragg and Brown ( 2 ) , 2001, pg 56 besides back up, â€Å" Most kids ( and grownups ) learn best when actively involved. † I decided to cover the learning aims, â€Å" That visible radiation is indispensable for seeing things † and â€Å" That when it is dark other senses can be used to assist us happen things and place things. † ( QCA, 1999, pg 2 ) To make this I covered three of the school desks with blinds, towels, covers and other stuff, I so ensured that under the tabular array was in darkness. I so laid out a assortment of objects under the tabular array and on the roof of the tabular array for the kids to happen. ( Appendix B ) I chose a few kids at a clip out of the category, before they went under the tabular array I questioned them as to how they were be aftering to happen the objects as it was traveling to be dark, this was to re implement the ‘different senses ‘ portion of the acquisition aim. Once the kids had found two or three objects, they were so asked to come out and place the object and state the others what they thought it was. For the plenary of the lesson I decided to garner all the kids on the rug to discourse they activity that they had merely done. I asked the kids about what they had used to happen the objects e.g. their custodies. I besides asked them about how they knew what each point was, this was to guarantee that they had achieved the lessons larning aim. The appraisal of the kids was done throughout the lesson ; this was done by observation of the kids ‘s apprehension during the lesson debut. This was besides done through oppugning the kids during the chief portion of the lesson on what senses they will utilize to happen the objects. The usage of oppugning during the lesson is as fast and easy attack of appraisal, â€Å" Questioning is one of the most utile methods of distinguishing appraisal. Oral and written responses to varied degrees and types of inquiries help the instructors officially and informally acquire an thought of how the category and single pupils are understanding the constructs of the unit of survey. † ( Northey, 2004, pg 146 ) As there was no written work, observation and oppugning were the most expert methods of appraisal during this lesson, it besides helped as I could en-visage if any of the kids were fighting during the starting motor and give them excess support. As this was a scientific discipline lesson none of the kids were split into ability groups. This was besides because for most of the lesson the kids were on the rug, those who were of lower ability were given excess support from the Particular Support Assistants, Farrell affirms this belief, â€Å" However, the chief ways of differentiating can be brought together in six attacks. These are: distinction by result, undertaking, support, schoolroom administration, resources and extension. † ( Farrell, 1999, pg 50 ) After learning the lesson, I experience that the lesson had really few major jobs. It is evident that the usage of play/demonstration helped the kids to larn, this is supported by many theoreticians. An old Chinese adage says, â€Å" I hear I forget. I see and I remember. I do and I understand. † ( Conficius, 551BC- 479BC ) If kids are to hear they bury, if they see something they will remember it, nevertheless if they do it they will grok the construct behind it. One job during the chief instruction activity was that under the tabular array, it was non dark plenty, which would consequence the result of placing the object. This was easy overcome by adding more stuff to do it darker. The kids were engaged while the PowerPoint was on during the lesson, although the game did over run into the chief instruction of the lesson, with respects to clip ; as a effect there was small clip for me to make inquiries with the kids. This nevertheless was overcome by oppugning them, whilst they were waiting to make the undertaking. The inquiring was an indispensable portion of the lesson, as mentioned before it was portion of the appraisal of the kids. In future when composing lesson programs, I shall compose approximative timings in each box, to guarantee that there is clip for oppugning. As I had planned portion of the lesson to get the better of any possible misconceptions or prepossessions I can be certain that the kids did non complete the lesson with any of them ; this is critical to the scientific discipline lessons subsequently in each cardinal phases. I feel as though the usage of ICT did better the instruction and acquisition of the lesson, I felt as though it helped to better and keep their concentration and apprehension. Williams, 2003, pg 8 besides agrees, â€Å" If the admiration and exhilaration of scientific discipline is non to be lost, so it is imperative that ICT should be included, non merely to streamline to treat, but to actuate the kids and heighten the quality of their acquisition. † However Farmey, 2002, page 131, notes a logical point that many instructors should inquire themselves, the followers, when believing about utilizing ICT, â€Å" Is the usage of ICT a better method than pencil and paper? The method hence being considered must offer advantages over the other attacks ; if it does non so the usage of ICT should be questioned. † In response to Farmey ‘s thought, looking at my usage of ICT in the lesson, I do non believe that the kids would hold benefited every bit much as they did if I was to hold used another method of learning. The acquisition was synergistic, and all the kids desired to hold a attempt at replying. Although another job faced was some of the kids gave unhoped replies in order to seek and utilize the synergistic whiteboard. If I were to utilize this type of presentation once more I would turn it into a merriment game where if they were to give a cockamamie reply I would be able to steal one of their points. On farther analysis of my lesson I do experience as though farther distinction was needed. Upon reiterating a similar lesson I would guarantee that those of lower ability were observed and assessed ( informally ) to guarantee that they had a clear apprehension. Upon looking back at the lesson program and the lesson itself, I have found three cardinal countries to look upon in the hereafter. These are ; the timing of the lesson, guaranting full distinction of the kids and besides guaranting the resources/ activity are equal. The first affair that asks for attending is the timing of the lesson ; this is indispensable to guarantee that the kids are covering all that is planned, â€Å" Regularly running out of clip alters the balance of the lesson and means the decision is neglected. † ( Overall & A ; Sangster, 2003, pg 181 ) Clocking demands to be kept in order for a full and proper plenary to take topographic point. The plenary of the lesson is where the chief portion of appraisal is done, if there is limited clip to make the appraisal so this does non organize an accurate history. Differentiation is another thing that needs attending in the hereafter. Although there was distinction, with the particular support helpers assisting the lower ability kids ; I feel as though there could hold been more accent on it. Hayes, 2006, pg 63 expressions at distinction being in two classs, â€Å" There are two chief types of distinction used by primary instructors. The first type is where all students are given similar undertakings to make but the outlook differs consequently to the student ‘s academic competency. The 2nd type of distinction is where students of different academic proficiency are given typical undertakings and activities on the same topic but with differing degrees of challenge. † Looking at Hayes, 2006, pg 63 If I was to make the lesson once more I would guarantee that the lower ability had more focussed help/encouragement, besides that the higher ability was given more ambitious objects to place. Finally it is besides indispensable that all resources/ activities are checked and ascertain that they will enable to better the kids ‘s acquisition. At the beginning of this assignment I discussed how I was traveling to look at be aftering a lesson in the scientific discipline course of study. I planned a lesson and utilizing the Hagiographas of assorted theoreticians the lesson was planned with cardinal characteristics remembered. I besides looked at how there are differing positions on the scientific discipline course of study subdivisions and besides the usage of PowerPoint/ ICT in the schoolroom. I besides evaluated the lesson I taught and looked at the jobs that I faced and so how they were overcome. From this I found three cardinal facets that I need to retrieve when be aftering future lessons. When be aftering to utilize ICT in the lesson I did happen it difficult to believe of an ICT constituent to utilize, so I decided to research some. Upon researching I did come across many theoreticians who did non favor utilizing ICT in scientific discipline, which did alarm me as to if there was traveling to be any benefits in utilizing ICT. However this encouraged me to make farther research and I did happen a batch of theoreticians who supported the usage of ICT. Upon composing and researching this assignment I feel as if I have gained more understanding of composing lesson programs. I have gained cognition of theoreticians contrasting positions and I have besides gained more whole category learning experience.

A Look Into Alzheimers Disease Essays - Cognitive Disorders

A Look Into Alzheimers Disease Essays - Cognitive Disorders A look into Alzheimer's Disease The reason that I chose Alzheimer's Disease as the disease that I will report on is because I felt that it is very interesting and common within people over the age of sixty. I believed that I if I need a great deal about this disease, I would understand more about why so many people have become devastated by it. A good friend of my Grandfather's also had the disease but he has passed away. I do know however, that as soon as it was understood that he had the disease, he had to begin to change the way his life worked significantly. For one, he really couldn't go outside alone and he couldn't do much without his wife by his side. He had to stay home most of the time dreaming about imaginary things and repeating stories over and over again. His memory gradually receded and he began to lose control of bodily functions such as his ability to feed himself or to communicate with others. After seven years of painful suffering, he died. The symptoms of Alzheimer's disease are rather easy to distinguish and classify. Patients of the disease lose much of the information that they have recently learned and cannot learn anything new. They begin to constantly misplace objects, often repeat themselves, and usually become confused in simple situations. When in relatively simplex places patients may become lost or even forget where they are. Psychologically however, patients begin to become depressed most of the time and be anxious or confused. Some become restless and can barely ever sleep. The cause of the disease, although not completely proven, is strictly genetics. It is passed down from generation to generation and that is one reason why it is so common among older people. Four percent of persons 65 to 74 years old are affected; ten percent of those 75 to 84 years, and twenty percent of those 85 years or older! It is however, remarkably rare among younger and middle aged people. The treatments and medications for Alzheimer's Disease are rare. The only legal medication in the United States is Tacrine, a drug that modifies the course on which Alzheimer's runs to make the patient's life last a little longer. Treatments of this disease are also very simple. Ways to keep patients on track and not too depressed about their state of being is to keep them feeling as though everything is normal and to make sure that they do everything like routine. At first, patients can be kept at home for a few years, but after many years and gradual loss of ability to control themselves, they must be taken to a nursing home where they will spend the remainder of their lives. Certain health agencies and networks that help infected people and their families exist. Such of these are: For Families Irvine Multiservice Center 17200 Jamboree Rd., Suite E, Irvine, CA 92713 (714) 724-6650 Family Service Association 18001 Cowan, Suites C & D, Irvine, CA 92714 (714) 660-8020 There is no known way to prevent Alzheimer's Disease except to eat right and to be a healthy person. Although this doesn't guarantee that you will be excluded for the disease, your chances are much slimmer. My own personal plan to reduce my risks for this fatal disease is to stay healthy and to maintain a nutritious diet with plenty of exercise. If it came to be that I was infected with Alzheimer's, I would start setting guidelines for myself and my family on how to take care of me. I would start by involving them in my daily routine schedules of staying healthy such as taking a walk outside or trying to learn new things. I would make sure that my family took the best care possible of me so that I could live my life to the fullest.

Commercial Drivers License Guide Florida, Georgia, and South Carolina

Commercial Drivers License Guide Florida, Georgia, and South Carolina If you live in Florida, Georgia, or South Carolina, learn the guideline for getting your Commercial Driver’s License (CDL) below. For all other states, TheJobNetwork has published articles on getting a CDL in all states. FloridaAll applicants  must  have an Operators License, pass the vision requirements, and be at least 18 years old. Anyone  under 21 will be restricted to intrastate operation.Oral exams may be given in English or Spanish, excepting skills test and  Hazmat exams. Interpreters may not be used.Class A Exam RequirementsYou need a Class A license to operate trucks or truck combinations weighing 26,001 lbs or more and towing a vehicle/unit over 10,000 lbs. The following tests are required:General Knowledge testCombinations vehicle testAir BrakesPre-TripBasic SkillCDL Road TestApplicable exams for desired endorsementsClass B Exam RequirementsYou need a Class B license is needed to operate straight trucks and buses of 26,001 lbs or more. The following tests a re required:General Knowledge testAir Brakes (if applicable)Pre-TripBasic SkillsCDL Road TestApplicable exams for desired endorsementsClass C Exam RequirementsYou need a Class C license to operate vehicles transporting placarded amounts of hazardous materials or vehicles designed to transport more than 15 persons including the driver with a Gross Vehicle Weight Rating of less than 26,001 lbs. The following tests are required:General Knowledge testAir Brakes (if applicable)Pre-Trip (if applicable)Basic Skills (if applicable)CDL Road TestApplicable exams for desired endorsementsFlorida  will reciprocate an out-of-state or Canadian CDL. However, an out-of-state applicant with a Hazmat endorsement must  reapply and obtain a background check, appropriate exams, and fees.GeorgiaThe following require a  driver to hold a CDL:Combination of vehicles weighing 26, 001 pounds or moreSingle vehicle with a gross vehicle weight of 26, 001 pounds or moreSingle vehicle designed to transport mo re than 15 persons (including the driver)Any size vehicle which requires hazardous material placardsCDL ApplicationInformation about obtaining  a CDL can be found at  Customer Service Centers.  Submit your  application and $35.00 fee to any Customer Service Center (except Jackson) and take the required written knowledge exams. A  $10 permit fee is paid prior to taking the knowledge exams; the $10 fee pays for the instructional permit if you pass your exams.Anyone under  21 years of age may obtain a CDL, but will be restricted to drive only in Georgia.CDL Examination StationsAll Customer Service Centers  offer the written knowledge exams. The  Albany,  Between,  Brunswick,  Dalton,  Gainesville,  Jackson,  Milledgeville, and  Thomson  examination stations are the only centers that give CDL road tests. Tests are given by appointment only.South CarolinaApplicants applying for any of the following commercial driver credentials  must provide information about  any previous out-of-state drivers’ licenses:Obtaining a  commercial learner’s  permitTransferring an out-of-state commercial license to South CarolinaMoving from a commercial learner’s permit to a first-time commercial licenseRenewing a commercial license or learner’s permitUpgrading or downgrading a commercial license class or endorsementWhen you apply for a CDL, SCDMV will run checks against the Problem Driver Pointer System (PDPS) and the Commercial Driver License Information System (CDLIS) databases to check your prior driving history  across the country.The Motor Carrier Safety Improvement Act also includes the following 5  offenses that will disqualify you from obtaining a CDL:Driving a commercial vehicle with a revoked, suspended, or canceled  CDLCausing a fatality through the negligent or criminal operation of a commercial motor vehicleDriving a commercial motor vehicle without obtaining a commercial driver’s licenseDrivi ng a commercial motor vehicle without a commercial driver’s license in possessionDriving without a required endorsement

Strategic Business Environment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Strategic Business Environment - Essay Example Although it cannot be argued that till date many of the businesses have been rallying around the concept of profit with some of the latest and evolving concepts like globalization, networking, etc., the commitment and implementation of the best practices in the different industries no doubt have given way to a more unrealistic approach towards running the businesses. It can also be observed that the fluctuating economies and large-scale downturns, etc. in turn adversely affecting the very sustainability of the human race on this globe has raised an alarm which is being taken seriously by all concerned. In fact there is an immediate need for implementing a more evolved strategic approach to business and consider the holistic environment for profitability. Though the present businesses do have a framework for conducting their businesses, incorporating other aspects to sustain and enhance their profitability to a higher extent needs to be looked at. Also, the trends and strategies that the businesses have adopted seem to be open ended and very much need to be improved for the benefit of the society. Bernstein expresses doubts of how responsible the concept of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) adopted by the businesses is as they need to be transparent, produce quality, and be ethical and socially responsible on the whole (2007). Further, there is a need for continuous improvement in the strategies in all the industry sectors to ensure sustainable practices are constantly innovated and implemented and also cautiously discarding the inefficient and unethical practices that might have crept in over a period of time, thus affecting the strategy framework.

The topic is below Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The topic is below - Essay Example The actions of Arabic and English language is analysed to indicate the entire difference. Arabic is an official language in scores of nations which include Egypt, Iraq, Libya, Saudi Arabia and Morocco (Al-Baldawi, & Saidat, 185). This is still the language spoken and written in Koran. This therefore implies that, Muslim followers originating from all countries, for instance, Indonesia are conversant in Arabic Language. There are numerous Arabic dialects. However, there exists only one adaptation of Arabic Language that students learn in schools. In addition to this, there are additional dialects that the media practitioners use in many Arab countries across the world (Al-Baldawi, et al., 186). Arabic Language originates from the Semites language trend (Ibrahim, 46). This fact explains why it consists of diverse types of grammar as compared to the ordinary English language. This disparity goes beyond the American language on the basis of grammar. For instance, alphabetically, the Arabic language encompasses 28 consonants, whereas English has only 24 consonants (Shoebottom, 87). Arabic Language also has 8 vowels/diphthongs whereas English encompasses 22 (Shoebottom, 88). On the contrary, short vowels are less important in Arabic, and in fact do not come out in narrative writing. Texts are, as well, read from right to left and put on paper in a cursive handwriting. There is no distinction flanked by upper and lower case. In addition, the punctuation set of laws are grammatical flouted as compared to English Language. It is evident that these basic disparities flanked by Arabic and English information and narrative writing create learning problems to Arab students. The Arab s tudents normally require additional time to read and write as compared to English speaking students, originating from European Language groups (Hasan, 98). English

Rhetorical Analysis of My Dropout Boyfriend Kept Dropping In Essay

Rhetorical Analysis of My Dropout Boyfriend Kept Dropping In - Essay Example Now it was the â€Å"living outdoors† phase. The narrator-girlfriend defended her boyfriend by telling everyone that his act is a rebellious one, telling everyone that this is the boyfriend’s way of rebelling to the establishment. The â€Å"living outdoors† experiment of the boyfriend failed in the end. The narrator was partly happy because the boyfriend would finally return indoors, making everything â€Å"normal† again but then again, it is sad because the romance of living far from the reaches of technology and modern life failed as well. The text is actually a bit humoresque as it paints a picture of a college kid who is on the path to self-discovery. The lines â€Å"An  Oprah-esque voice in my head said: It doesn’t matter what people think as long as he feels fulfilled. But another voice in my head, the one that avoided self-help books and talk shows, was less convinced† saw through that. It is also very touching as it shows the persona also confused: will she support the boyfriend or not. Ultimately, she does because of her duty as a girlfriend but we know that she only does so because it’s her duty, and not because she passionately believes on the causes of the boyfriend. She is the practical one in the relationship, opting to stick to college. Her practicality even reaches up to the point that she knows what will happen to her after college, and the implications of being in college: â€Å"but over all once you attended college, you were on the straight-and-narrow path. Or at least, if the economy didn’t sink, you were on the non-homeless path.† The boyfriend is quite a compelling character. He is a typical â€Å"rebellious† kid, trying everything: being a â€Å"Goth, punk, anarchist, Marxist and Zen†. The girlfriend was so used to this lifestyle changes that she was not surprised when the boyfriend brought it up one day. This time, the reason was to be an ascetic, and he wants to follow the footsteps of Chris McCandless, the man who

Transportation In Houston Essay Example for Free

Transportation In Houston Essay The problems of transportation in our city have a series of branches that all affect us. We, as Houstonians have the duty to contain our city as beautiful and healthy as we can. This is part of our past, present, and our feature, not only for us but also of our love ones that are yet to come. It is very important that we as human being that live in this community do something to protect our environment and reduce risks for further generations. Do you think that there something we can do to stop this shortage of transportation? There are many different problems in our environment that affect everyone around the community. Transportation in Houston is a severe problem that we have now in days. This is a problem in our community that divides into a series of arguments that we are trying to fix. It does not necessarily have to fit in our lifestyles, as long as we set time out in our busy life to take care of the environment. It does not have to be something that relates to your career as long as it is something that you like to do. I am very interested in setting sometime out of my job, to take care of my community. Even if they do not relate, I understand that in doing so it can help provide a better feature for the next generation. As a Houstonian, it is very important for me to try to find a way to expand the transportation in Houston. By decreasing the transportation, the pollution produced daily will also decrease as well as the traffic. Increasing public transportation is a good way to reduce all these risks. In my own experience, I have seen how public transportation is very efficient. In my Colombia, we use public transportation as a way to get around to many different places in the city. It reduces traffic, and accidents that may occur because of careless drivers. The state officials encourage public transportation because it reduces risks and it is also economic. They also encourage bike riding and walking. They build a lot of trails so that people that decide to walk do not have to worry about having to walk on the street where they can be put into any danger. Here in Houston, the state does not provide those types of options to people. You have pedestrians that walk in the streets putting their lives at risk, and then you have those that decide not to walk so they will not have to worry about putting themselves or their loved ones at risk. That is why most people decide that it is better to drive themselves somewhere, even if it is close, then to walk there. I would like to be encouraged into walking to different places, or to ride a bike around. It would be better for people to take that decision if there were sidewalks available all over the city, so that people could move around easier. This would be helpful in many different levels because it would create a better feature by, reducing the accidents that occur on a daily basis. It could also help the economy, because people would start saving more money. They would have more money to spend on other things needed, if they are saving gas money. They would not have to worry about having to earn a little more money to have to waste on other important things they might need. It can be improving for everyone. The bad thing is that not everyone feels the same way about using public transportation. Some rather save a little more money rather then having to depend on someone to drive them around. They never stop to think about the resources they are saving. I was researching the internet, trying to find articles that explored the subject about public transportation. It was very interesting to find different points of view over this topic. They were not really reliable resources, they were more like different opinions. I would like to explore this topic more reading different databases so that the information I may inquire can be precise. I would also like to read more about this subject in different newspapers like Houston Chronicle, to see what they think about this subject. When I was researching this newspaper online I realized that they don’t have any titles that cover this subject. I found it to be really upsetting to know that they do not cover important subjects like this in their news. It is very important for people to be able to get informed about things that are becoming a problem in their city. This way they will have a way to not only get informed but try to look for options to try and solve this error. Other resources would also help so that they can better inform themselves such as TV Shows, and other programs. This is a very important problem that does not get talked bout to much, so people do not really realize the problem we are facing. They do not try and do something about it because they probably think that it is something very insignificant, that other public organizations have not worried about advertising it as much. It is hard for me to assimilate the fact that we are missing out on a lot of information that can help us make a better our city an even more beautiful one.

Management Questions and Answers :: Team Work, Whistle-Blowing, Group Development

Question 1 There are critics of the five†stage group development model. Their main point is that this presentation of a group’s development is too static. Do you agree with this criticism? Why? Numerous critics of the five-stage model of group development contend the model is too static to accurately describe the progression of groups. In their review of the literature, Hurt and Trombley (2007) point out several deficiencies in the model. The model assumes that all groups progress linearly through five stages (forming, storming, norming, performing, adjourning). Critics suggest the model fails to describe groups that do not follow a linear progression. The model also assumes that groups must complete one stage before entering into the next stage, implying that tasks may not be completed. In addition, critical reviews of the model suggest that it ignores a more circular systems perspective. This systems perspective would allow the group to learn from mistakes and be more successful as a whole through the use of â€Å"inputs, outputs, throughputs, and a feedback loop† (Hurt & Trombley, 2007, p. 3). The five-stage group development model does provide some understand ing of the group process, but it seems too rigid to fully explain how groups with diverse individuals form and work together. In that respect, I would have to agree with some of the criticisms of this model. Human beings are by their nature dynamic, not static. Therefore, I question if it is realistic to portray group development in a completely linear, static manner. An individual’s behavior may vary depending on the group’s particular goals and the behavior of the other individuals in the group. Groups have unique personalities depending upon how the all the members interact with each other. For example, it may be possible that some groups skip the storming stage characterized by arguing, conflict, debate, and experimenting with roles (Gibson, Ivancevich, Donnelly & Konopaske, 2012) when some strong-willed individuals unilaterally take over the leadership roles. The model’s assumption that groups do not focus on goals until the performing stage may also be unrealistic. Individuals who are already highly motivated and highly focused on a particular goal from the start may come together and form a group. Group development may also vary based on how important the goal is perceived to be by individual members of the group. It is hard to predict exactly how each group of unique individuals will interact with each other and progress through group development stages.

Margaret Atwood’s The Handmaid’s Tale Essay

Figurative language was used by Margaret Atwood, through the persona of Offred, to illustrate The Handmaid’s Tale. Figurative Language consists of similes, metaphors, personification, alliteration, onomatopoeia, hyperbole and idioms. First, figurative language can be used to describe different settings. 1. Offred’s experience at night in her bedroom â€Å"The heat at night is worse than the heat in daytime. Even with the fan on, nothing moves, and the walls store up warmth, give it out like a used oven. Surely it will rain soon. Why do I want it? It will only mean more dampness. There’s lightning far away but no thunder. Looking out the window I can see it, a glimmer, like the phosphorescence you get in stirred seawater, behind the sky, which is overcast and too low and a dull gray infrared. The searchlights are off, which is not usual. A power failure. Or else Serena Joy has arranged it.† (Pg. 243) * Similes * Described the environment * Room: Glimmer in the window, like stirred seawater * Heat: Used oven * Weather: Lightning but no thunder 2. Offred describing the Particicution of a man convicted of rape â€Å"There’s a surge forward, like a crowd at a rock concert in the former time, when the doors opened, that urgency coming like a wave through us. The air is bright with adrenaline, we are permitted anything and this is freedom, in my body also, I’m reeling, red spreads everywhere, but before that tide of cloth and bodies hits him Ofglen is shoving through the women in front of us, propelling herself with her elbows, left, right, and running towards him†¦A high scream comes from somewhere, like a horse in terror.† (Pg. 262-263) * Simile and metaphor * Ofglen kicked his head several times and later explained to Offred that the man was part of the underground rebellion, so she wanted to put him out of his misery quickly

Sample design for Blackberry

In sampling, an element is the object (or person) about which or from which the information is desired. In survey research, the element is usually the respondent. A population Is the total of all the elements that share some common set of characterlstlcs. Element: Objects that possess the information the researcher seeks and about which the researcher will make inferences. Population: The aggregate of all elements, sharing some common set of characteristics, that comprise the universe for the purpose of the marketing research roblem.The researcher can obtain Information about population parameters by taking either a census or a sample. Census: a complete enumaration of the elements of a population or study objects. Sample: A subgroup of the elements of the population selected for participation in the study. sample Large Time available Population size the characteristics Conditions Favoring the use of Factors census Budget Short Large Small small Long Small Variance in Large Cost of s ampling error High Cost of nonsampllng errors High Low Nature of measurement Nondestructive Attention to individual cases NoAdvantages of Sampling Sampling saves time and money Sampling saves labor. Destructive Yes A sample coverage permits a higher overall level of adequacy than a full enumeration. Complete census Is often unnecessary, wasteful. and the burden on the public. 1) Define the Population: Sampling design begins by specifying the target population, which should be defined in terms of elements, sampling units, extent and time frame. Population/Target population: This is any complete, or the theoretically specified aggregation of study elements. It is usually the ideal population or universe to which esearch results are to be generalized.Survey population: This is an operational definition of the target population; that is target population with explicit exclusions-for example the population accessible, excluding those outside the country. Element (similar to unit of analy sis): This is that unit about which information is collected and that provides the basis of analysis. In survey research, elements are people or certain types of people. Sampling unit: This is that element or set of elements considered for selection in some stage of sampling (same as the elements, in a simple single-stage sample).In a ulti-stage sample, the sampling unit could be blocks, households, and individuals within the households. Extent: This refers to geographical boundaries. Time frame: The time frame is the time period of interest. In our case; Population/ target population = Blackberry users Survey population = Blackberry users between the age of 18-24, which refers to university students regarding the demographical factors. Elements = Blackberry users who are university students Sampling Unit = Blackberry users in the Business Administration Faculty of Istanbul University. Extent = Business Administration Faculty of Istanbul UniversityTime Frame = 2 weeks between 4-15 N ovember Given the large size of the target population and limited time and money, it was clearly not TeaslDle to Intervlew tne entlre BlacKDerry users, tnat Is, to take a census. So a sample was taken, and a subgroup of the population was selected for participation in the research. Our sample/ subgroup can be seen above. 2) Determine the Sampling Frame: A sampling frame is a representation of the elements of the target population. To be specific, this is the actual list of sampling units from which the sample, or some stage of the sample, is selected.It is simply a list of the study population. Sampling frame of our case = List of the students in the Business Administration Faculty of Istanbul University. 3) Select a Sampling Technique: Selecting a sampling technique involves choosing nonprobability or probability sampling. Nonprobability sampling : relies on the personal Judgement of researcher, rather than chance in selecting sample elements. Convenience Sampling: as the name impl ies, involves obtaining a sample of elements based on the convenience of the researcher. The selection of sampling units is left primarily to the interviewer.Convenience sampling has the advantages of being both inexpensive and fast. Additionally, the sampling units tend to be accessible, easy to measure, and cooperative. Judgement Sampling: The researcher selects the sample based on Judgement. This is usually and extension of convenience sampling. For example, a researcher may decide to draw the entire sample from one â€Å"representative† city, even though the population includes all cities. When using this method, the researcher must be confident that the chosen sample is truly representative of the entire population.Quota Sampling: introduces two stages to the Judgemental sampling process. The first stage consists of developing control categories, or quotas, of population elements. Using Judgement to identify relevant categories such as age, sex, or race, the researcher e stimates the distribution of these characteristics in the target population. Once the quotas have been assigned, the second stage of the sampling process takes place. Elements are selected using a convenience of Judgement process. Considerable freedom exists in selecting the elements to be included in the sample.The only requirement is that the elements that are selected fit the control characteristics. Snowball sampling: is a special nonprobability method used when the desired sample characteristic is rare. It may be extremely difficult or cost prohibitive to locate respondents in these situations. Snowball sampling relies on referrals from initial subjects to generate additional subjects. While this technique can dramatically lower search costs, it comes at the expense of introducing bias because the technique itself reduces tne II population.Kellnooa tnat tne sample wlll represent a good ross section Trom tne Probability sampling: in this kind sampling elements are selected by ch ance, that is, randomly. The probability of selecting each potential sample from a population can be prespecified. Simple Random Sampling: is the purest form of probability sampling. Each member of the population has an equal and known chance of being selected. When there are very large populations, it is often difficult or impossible to identify every member of the population, so the pool of available subjects becomes biased. Systematic Random Sampling: is often used instead of random sampling.It is also alled an Nth name selection technique. After the required sample size has been calculated, every Nth record is selected from a list of population members. As long as the list does not contain any hidden order, this sampling method is as good as the random sampling method. Its only advantage over the random sampling technique is simplicity. Systematic sampling is frequently used to select a specified number of records from a computer file. Stratified Random Sampling: is commonly use d probability method that is superior to random sampling because it reduces sampling error.A stratum is a subset of the opulation that share at least one common characteristic. Examples of stratums might be males and females, or managers and non-managers. The researcher first identifies the relevant stratums and their actual representation in the population. Random sampling is then used to select a sufficient number of subjects from each stratum. â€Å"Sufficient† refers to a sample size large enough for us to be reasonably confident that the stratum represents the population. Stratified sampling is often used when one or more of the stratums in the population have a low incidence relative to the other stratums.Cluster Sampling: may be used when it is either impossible or impractical to compile an exhaustive list of the elements that make up the target population. Usually, however, the population elements are already grouped into subpopulations and lists of those subpopulatio ns already exist or can be created. For example, let's say the target population in a study was church members in the United States. There is no list of all church members in the country. The researcher could, however, create a list of churches in the United States, choose a sample of churches, and then obtain lists f members from those churches. ) Determine the Sample Size: The statistical approaches to determining sample size are based on confidence intervals. These approaches may involve the estimation of the mean or proportion. When estimating the mean, determination of sample size using a confidence interval approach requires a specification of precision level, confidence level, and population standard deviation. In the case of proportion, the precision level, confidence level, and an estimate of the population proportion must De speclTlea. I ne sample size aetermlnea statlstlcally represents ne Tlnal or net sample size that must be achieved.In order to achieve this final sampl e size, a much greater number of potential respondents have to be contacted to account for reduction in response due to incidence rates and completion rates. Non-response error arises when some of the potential respondents included in the sample did not respond. The primary causes of low response rates are refusals and not-at-homes. Refusal rates may be reduced by prior notification, motivating the respondents, incentives, proper questionnaire design and administration, and follow- up. The percentage of not-at-homes can be substantially reduced by callbacks.Adjustments for non-response can be made by subsampling non-respondents, replacement, substitution, subjective estimates, trend analysis, weighting, and imputation. The statistical estimation of sample size is even more complicated in international marketing research, as the population variance may differ from one country to the next. A preliminary estimation of population variance for the purpose of determining the sample size a lso has ethical ramifications. The Internet and computers can assist n determining the sample size and adjusting it to a count for expected incidence and completion rates.Sampling distribution: the distribution of the values of a sample statistic computed for each possible sample that could be drawn from the target population under a specified sampling plan. Statistical inference: the process of generalizing the sample results to the population results. Normal distribution: a basis for classical statistical inference that is bell shaped and symmetrical and appearance. Its measures of central tendency are all identical. Standard error: the standard deviation of the sampling distribution of the mean or proportion.Z values: the number of standard errors in point is away from the mean Incidence rate: the rate of occurrence of persons eligible to participate in a study expressed as a percentage Completion rate: the percentage of qualified respondents to complete the interview. It enables researchers to take into account anticipated refusals by people who qualify Substitution: a procedure that substitutes for nonrespondents other elements from the sampling frame that are expected to respond I rena analysis: a metnoa 0T a0Justlng Tor nonresponaents In wnlcn tne researcner tries to discern a trend between early and late respondents.This trend is projected to nonrespondents to estimate their characteristic of interest Weighting: statistical procedure that attempts to account for non-response by assigning differential weight to the data depending on the response rate Imputation: a method to adjust for non-response by assigning to characteristic of interest to the nonrespondents based on the similarity of the variables available for both nonrespondents and respondents.