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Thursday, August 27, 2020
Business Ethics When the Work
Work-life balance is an adaptable working system that has gotten basic in a few associations in the US. A few firms have presented adaptable working hours for their representatives, who need to adjust among family and work obligations. Work-life balance is a pattern that has gotten in different work environments in the US. This work-life balance affects connections that representatives have with one another. Laborers who have kids have discovered adaptable working hours all the more compensating for their vocations and family lives.Advertising We will compose a custom article test on Business Ethics: When the Work-Life Scales Are Unequal. explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The working environment condition is encountering a great deal of changes. Businesses have understood the significance of offering their representatives adaptable work routines, which assist them with adjusting among work and family life. Be that as it may, the work-life balance approach isn't g etting support from all specialists true to form. Laborers without any youngsters and families to think about, feel that their partners who have families utilize this as a guise to abstain from playing out their obligations. They feel that they shoulder the weight of their truant partners since they need to perform additional obligations. It is hard for common laborers guardians, particularly moms, to adjust their promise to work and family viably. In any case, a few specialists are extremely steady of their partners who are constrained by family conditions to adhere to adaptable working hours. These laborers comprehend the significance of their associates being engaged with the lives of their youngsters. An adaptable work routine makes such specialists progressively compelling. This is a direct result of the fulfillment they get from playing out their work obligations and investing energy with their youngsters. Representatives who are away from their work stations can be called or messaged if a pressing issue that needs their info comes up grinding away. This has made a great deal of congruity between laborers, in firms which have work-life balance plans. Numerous organizations are thinking that its hard to actualize adaptable work frameworks. A few representatives don't have youngsters yet at the same time need time to take care of their relatives, who need their consideration. Representatives who care for their old guardians or grandparents feel that their associates who have kids are supported more by the work-life balance plans than them. They guarantee that they additionally have the right to be given adaptable work routines, which permit them to think about their older family members more. Human asset authorities contend that, for an adaptable work program to succeed, all representatives with elective interests from work should be considered.Advertising Looking for article on business financial matters? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Employees in firms who offer adaptable work routines should concentrate on how their obligations will be finished during the period they are away. This will diminish the weight that is carried by their partners when they are away from work. Firms need to screen the time every laborer spends at the work environment, to decide each individualââ¬â¢s profitability level. A work-life balance program must be compelling if all representatives speak with one another effectively, paying little heed to their areas. Laborers additionally need to advise their associates on the off chance that they are intending to leave their workstations early. Adaptable working projects should be reasonable for all laborers to diminish hatred between them. Associations need to fulfill essential time constraints and execution targets. Usage of a work-life balance program ought to guarantee that profitability levels in the association stay reliable. This case affirms that numerous organizations face challenges while executing adaptable work programs for their representatives. All representatives should be given equivalent thought when an adaptable work program is being actualized. This paper on Business Ethics: When the Work-Life Scales Are Unequal. was composed and put together by client Nayeli C. to help you with your own investigations. You are allowed to utilize it for examination and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; be that as it may, you should refer to it as needs be. You can give your paper here.
Saturday, August 22, 2020
Perks Of Being A Wallflower Essays - Mental Illness In Fiction
Advantages Of Being A Wallflower I truly delighted in perusing the book. I loved the manner in which it was composed practically. Charlie's letters are as cozy as a journal as he shares his everyday considerations and emotions. You can by one way or another truly become more acquainted with the storyteller - Charlie - and you feel like he is composing every one of these letters to you. That is very fascinating. However there are to some degree unreasonable tones, which I saw some time in the wake of perusing the book, in light of the fact that my early introduction was the way unbelievably reasonable it was. Charlie is just depicted as the pleasant, honest young person. He does a few things wrong, yet at long last is close to consummate. Despite the fact that he is messed up, your sympathy for Charlie is overpowering, and you appear to overlook that the book doesn't appear that genuine. Moreover, as I would like to think a portion of the letters are as well erudite. Anyway I despite everything think the book is smart, valid and quite miserable. 2. The language was informal and exceptionally straightforward. 3. There are loads of intriguing parts, yet the one I loved most is when Charlie is telling a sonnet at a Christmas celebration to every one of his companions. I adored the sonnet in light of the fact that it is that tragic at the same time, in any case, valid, I think. It is tied in with growing up and how things change when you are not any longer the exquisite little kid yet have gotten a youthful grown-up. As I would like to think it is written in a tragic, all things considered decent way. Later on Charlie discovers the sonnet was composed by a kid not long before he murdered himself. He feels extremely miserable about this. 4. The advantages of being a loner is the tale of what it resembles to experience childhood in secondary school. Charlie, a 15-year-old rookie, is composing letters who spread his first year in secondary school to an obscure individual. Charlie experiences similar battles that numerous children need to look in secondary school - how to make companions, family pressures, a first relationship, exploring different avenues regarding drugs - yet he likewise needs to manage his closest companion's ongoing self destruction. With the assistance of an educator who perceives his instinct , and his two more established companions, the seniors Patrick and Samantha, Charlie starts to be mollified with his life. However not for quite a while - discouraged when every one of his companions get ready for school, Charlie has a mental breakdown, which settle itself conveniently and uncovers a since quite a while ago stifled truth about his Aunt Helen. By the by, he makes it back in due time, prepared to confront his sophomore year and all it might bring. 5. In this book there isn't generally a peak on the grounds that Charlie just tells about his life. In spite of the fact that there happen a few significant things that change his life a great deal. One of them is the point at which Charlie's first relationship with Mary-Elizabeth, an old buddy of Sam, closes hopelessly on the grounds that Charlie remains habitually legitimate about the way that he really adores Sam and not Mary-Elizabeth. That harms Mary-Elizabeth without question, and some way or another the entire gathering of his companions pretty much wouldn't like to see him for around one month. By the time Charlie acknowledges how he did Mary-Elizabeth off-base and jeopardized the companionship of Sam and her. He begins to perceive how much his companions truly mean to him and the amount he needs them. Charlie recollects the start of the year, before he became more acquainted with Sam and Patrick, and how desolate he felt at that point - so forlorn that he began composing letters to an obscure individual. He discovers what kinship truly implies. That was very intriguing and I truly could identify with Charlie. 6. The closure truly overwhelmed me. You could see from Charlie's letters that he was touchy, yet I never figured he would have such a breakdown and need to go to emergency clinic for two months. 7. I think Charlie was somehow or another like me. I didn't detest anybody of the characters, they were all entirely thoughtful, I think. Charlie: Charlie is the third kid in a white collar class family. His more established sibling plays football at Penn State and his more seasoned sister stresses significantly over young men. Charlie goes to secondary school, he is a rookie and in no way, shape or form well known. He is a timid kid, thoughtful and without any problem affected. Patrick and Sam think he is a loner. He is additionally very na?ve and genuine, which makes him a ton of issues later on. Charlie is a scholar, yet he thinks excessively, which some of the time prompts
Friday, August 21, 2020
5 Relaxation Exercises that Relieve Teens Stress
5 Relaxation Exercises that Relieve Teens Stress You might think your teen doesnt have much stress in her life. After all, she doesnt have to pay the bills, work a full-time job, or manage a busy household. But the truth is, todays teens are stressed out. In fact, the 2014 Stress in America survey found that teens are experiencing even more stress than adults. Theyre worried about school, their friends, romantic relationships, money, and their futures. Some of them are dealing with even bigger issues, like bullying and depression. Sadly, stressed-out teens are turning to unhealthy coping mechanisms to deal with their overwhelming feelings. Overeating, playing endless hours of video games, avoiding homework, or abusing substances are just a few of the unhealthy ways some teens are trying to manage their stress. Itâs important to teach your teen a variety of healthy stress management strategies, including relaxation skills that offer some immediate stress relief. Whether your teen is already displaying signs that sheâs stressed out, or youâre hoping to give her some skills as preventative measures, here are five relaxation exercises that can help your teen manage stress: 1. Yoga Yoga offers a variety of physical and mental health benefits, such as improved flexibility, posture, and strength as well as a sense of inner calm. Teens can learn yoga in a variety of ways. Attend a yoga class with your teen and youâll gain the added benefit of spending quality time together or look for yoga videos that will let you practice in the privacy of your own home. 2. Meditation Getting teens to slow down and focus on one thing at a time can be a challenge in todayâs digital world. But learning how to do so through meditation can provide improved physical and emotional benefits. Meditation has been linked to everything from increased happiness to improved immunity. There are several different types of meditation, but at the core of all of them is the desire to calm the mind. Explore meditation tutorials, guided meditation, or meditation books to learn meditation skills. Your teen may enjoy a meditation app. Many of them will walk your teen through meditation strategies step-by-step and offer reminders to meditate every day. 3. Deep Breathing When people feel anxious, they often take shallow and rapid breaths, which can induce physiological changesâ"like an increased heart rateâ"which can add to the stress. One of the simplest relaxation exercises involves breathing. Teach your teen to take deep slow breaths when sheâs feeling anxious. Just a few deep breaths can provide an instant calming effect that can help reduce stress. Look for books or online resources that offer tutorials about breathing exercises. 4. Imagery Envisioning a âhappy placeâ can help your brain take a vacation from whatever stress your teen is experiencing. Tell your teen to write down a description of her favorite happy place. It could be a cabin in the woods, a sandy beach, or even your backyard. Request that she describes how it looks, feels, smells, and soundsâ"the more details the better. When sheâs stressed out, tell her to close her eyes and spend a few minutes imagining that scene. 5. Progressive Muscle Relaxation Stress can cause people to tense their muscles, and the tenser they feel, the more stressed out they become. Letting go of that tension can be a simple way to let go of stress. Progressive muscle relaxation can raise your teenâs awareness of muscle tension. Encourage your teen to start tensing and relaxing each muscle groupâ"moving from her toes all the way up to her head. By the time sheâs done, all of her muscles should be relaxed. There are lots of tutorials that can walk you through progressive muscle relaxation as well. Some teens enjoy listening to an audio clip that describes how to tense and relax each muscle group. Practice Relaxation Skills Teens with healthy self-soothing skills are equipped to handle the realities of the adult world. When she knows how to manage stress, shell be willing to do hard things, pick herself up when she fails, or tackle new challenges. Just like all new skills, relaxation exercises require practice. The first few times your teen tries them, she may report it wasnât helpful. But with regular practice, these skills can greatly help her reduce stress. Learn and practice new relaxation skills with your teen. Doing so, wonât just help you manage your stress, it will also give you an opportunity to try something new together, which can help you maintain a healthy relationship.
Monday, May 25, 2020
Definition Of The Cold War - 1555 Words
Definition of Cold War In my opinion, the definition of the Cold War: was a series of conflicts concerning political, mili-tary, and economics activities between two major political philosophies, represented by the United States along with Western Europe (democracy led) and by the Union of Soviet Socialist Republic, along with Eastern Europe (communist led). Moreover, open hostilities between the US and the USSR never occurred except though each countries client states. Origins of the Cold War The cold war has its start in World War II, when to fight against the axis powers (Germany, Italy and Japan). The United States and the Soviet Union along with Great Britain and France (The al-lies) formed an alliance of convenience to defeat theâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Germany was divided in two areas, the Ameri-cans and its allies controlled the west; Soviet Union and its allies controlled the east part of Ger-many. Further division involved the German capital of Berlin which was also separated into west and east zones. The reason why Germany was split was to prevent that country from rising to pow-er again (The Orgin of the Cold War). After the war, the United States was for the most part untouched by the affects of the war which helped in a large economic expansion. The conditions that aided economic expansions: having friendly nations to the north (Canada) and to the south (Mexico). Another geographical aid in-volved the Pacific Ocean to the west and the Atlantic Ocean to the east which created a buffer be-tween the United States and the axis powers (the Soviet Union did not have these protections). Additionally, the war left the US with intact industries, roads, railroads and bridges. The result was the United States became the worldââ¬â¢s first super power. The United States never experienced the paranoia of national security that the Soviet Union has experienced and is experiencing till this day (US Department of State). Overall it was the general conditions of the US and Soviet economy along with the respective con-ditions of the transportation and industrial system that assisted in creating the Cold War. Notable Events of the Cold War Notable events in
Thursday, May 14, 2020
Definitions, Examples, and Observations of Nonfinite Verbs
In English grammar, a nonfinite verbà is a form of the verb that does not show a distinction in number, personà orà tenseà and normally cannot stand alone as the main verb in a sentence. It contrasts with aà finite verb, which shows tense, number and person. The main types of nonfinite verbs are infinitivesà (with or without to), -ing forms (also known as present participles and gerunds) and past participles (also called -en forms). Except for modal auxiliaries, all verbs have nonfinite forms. A nonfinite phrase or clause is a word group that contains a nonfinite verb form as its central element. Examples and Observations In the revised edition of An Introduction to the Grammar of English, Elly van Gelderen gives examples of sentences that include a nonfinite verb group, which are in italics: Seeing the ordinary as extraordinary is something we all like to do.She forgot to Google them. Van Gelderen explains that in the first sentence,à seeing, is, like,à and do are lexical (main) verbs, but only is and like are finite. In the second exampleà forgot and Google are the lexical verbs, but only forgot is finite. Characteristics of Nonfinite Verbs Nonfinite verb differs from finite verbs because they cannot always be used as the main verbs ofà clauses. A nonfinite verb normally lacks agreement for person, numberà and gender with its first argument or subject. According to The Theory of Functional Grammar by Simon C. Dik and Kees Hengeveld,à nonfinite verbs are unmarked or reduced with respect to distinctions of tense, aspect, and mood,à and have certain properties in common with adjectival or nominal predicates. Types of Nonfinite Verb Forms Three types of nonfinite verb forms exist in the English language: infinitives, gerundsà and participles. According to Andrew Radford in Transformational Grammar: A First Course, infinitive forms are comprised of the base or stem of the verb with no added inflection (such forms are frequently used after the so-called infinitive particle to.)à Gerund forms, says Radford, comprise the base and also the -ingà suffix. Participle forms generally comprise the base plus the -(e)n inflection (though there are numerous irregular participle forms in English). In the examples Radford provides below, the bracketed clauses areà nonfinite since they contain only nonfinite verb forms. The italicized verb is an infinitive in the first sentence,à a gerund in the second and a (passive) participle in the third: Ive never known [John (to) be so rude to anyone].We dont want [it raining on your birthday].I had [my car stolen from the car park]. Auxiliaries With Nonfinite Verbs In the second edition of Modern English Structures: Form, Function, and Position, Bernard T. ODwer says thatà auxiliaries, or helping verbs, are required with nonfinite verbs to mark nonfinite verb forms for tense, aspectà and voice, which nonfinite verbs cannot express.à Finite verbs, on the other hand, already mark themselves for tense, aspect and voice. According to ODwyer, when the auxiliary verb occurs with the nonfinite form of the verb, the auxiliary is always the finite verb. If more than one auxiliary occurs, the first auxiliary is always the finite verb. Nonfinite Clauses Roger Berry, in English Grammar: A Resource Book for Students, says that nonfinite clauses lack a subject and a finite verb form, but they are still called clauses because they have some clause structure. Nonfinite clauses are introduced by three nonfinite verb forms and are divided into three types, says Berry: à Infinitive clauses: I saw her leave the room.à -ing (participle) clauses: I heard someone shouting for help.à -ed (participle) clauses: I got the watch repaired in town.
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, A State Of Relative Insulin...
Type 2 diabetes mellitus, a state of relative insulin deficiency with underlying insulin resistance, accounts for majority of the cases of hyperglycemia worldwide. An estimated 422 million people worldwide have diabetes [1], and this number is expected to reach 592 million by the year 2035 [2]. Almost 30 million Americans (9% of the population) have diabetes, with estimated total health care costs of $245 billion due to extensive complications, primarily micro- and macrovascular pathology. Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is the leading cause of death among individuals with type 2 diabetes, in whom adverse cardiovascular outcomes occur, on average, 14.6 years earlier [5] and with increased severity compared to individuals without diabetes mellitus. People with type 2 diabetes have twofold-increased risk of developing ASCVD [6]. The increment in the diabetic population with cardiovascular events reflects the steady increase in the number of older individuals in the United States and the improved survival of individuals with diabetes. Prevalence of obesity, which is related to risk for ASCVD and diabetes, is also on an upsurge in the United States as well as globally. Guidelines from the American Heart Association (AHA)/American Diabetes Association (ADA) [7] and the European Society of Cardiology [8] present different recommendations for individuals with diabetes depending on an individual s risk profile. To identify patients who will benefit most fromShow MoreRelatedWhat is Diabetes Mellitus? Essay655 Words à |à 3 PagesWhat is Diabetes Mellitus? Diabetes is a very common disorder. It is the 8th leading cause of death worldwide. It is projected that the number of individuals with diabetes will almost double by 2030. Diabetes mellitus is a disorder characterized by abnormalities in carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism. The most common feature seen in diabetes is increased blood glucose levels. The main reason for this is either a decreased/ absent insulin production or resistance of the body to the action ofRead MoreEssay on Diabetes Mellitus1282 Words à |à 6 PagesDiabetes mellitus is a collection of common metabolic disorders. The scenario of passing large amount of urine is described by the Greek and Roman physicians as diabetes whereas the term mellitus refers to sweet taste (Barrett, Barman, Boitano, Brooks, 2012). The name of the disease reveals one of the important clinical manifestation, that is, passing sweet-tasted urine, and in the other word, the presence of sugar in the urine. Besides that, Funk (2010) stated that there are three most commonRead MoreDiabetes Mellitus : A Group Of Diseases That Affect Your Body Uses Blood Sugar1601 Words à |à 7 PagesFT030 Diabetes Mellitus Research Paper Annabelle Anglo 03/17/2015 According to Mayo Clinic, ââ¬Å"Diabetes mellitus refers to a group of diseases that affect how your body uses blood sugar (glucose). Glucose is vital to your health because it s an important source of energy for the cells that make up your muscles and tissues. It s also your brain s main source of fuel.â⬠(Mayo Clinic, 2005) Diabetes Mellitus has 3 types: Type 1 Diabetes, Type 2 Diabetes, and Gestational Diabetes. Type 1 DiabetesRead MoreDiabetes Mellitus : A Group Of Metabolic Diseases That Affect How Your Body Uses Blood Glucose949 Words à |à 4 PagesDiabetes mellitus refers to a group of metabolic diseases that affect how your body uses blood glucose. Glucose is important to health because it is the source of energy for the cells that make up muscles and tissues. It is also the brain s main source of fuel. The disease is characterized by hyperglycemia that results from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action or both. It is estimated that 8.3% of the United States population have diabetes and another 7 million are undiagnosed (HuetherRead MoreGestational Diabetes Mellitus : An Overview1241 Words à |à 5 Pages Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Isaac Anzaldua Norma Beardwood (Roper), MBA, M. Ed., RDN, LD, LPC, CEDS DIET 4252 September 21, 2015 ââ¬Æ' Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Introduction Diabetes Mellitus is a disease; which occurs through the insufficiency of insulin being produced or its actions are not being utilized. This occurrence leads to hyperglycemia; an issue in which the amount of glucose in the blood is relatively high. Gestational Diabetes Mellitus falls under the category of DM. GDM alsoRead MoreGestational Diabetes Mellitus : An Overview1241 Words à |à 5 Pages Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Isaac Anzaldua Norma Beardwood (Roper), MBA, M. Ed., RDN, LD, LPC, CEDS DIET 4252 September 21, 2015 ââ¬Æ' Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Introduction Diabetes Mellitus is a disease; which occurs through the insufficiency of insulin being produced or its actions are not being utilized. This occurrence leads to hyperglycemia; an issue in which the amount of glucose in the blood is relatively high. Gestational Diabetes Mellitus falls under the category of DM. GDM also consistRead MoreDiabetes Mellitus : Long Term Damage1144 Words à |à 5 PagesIntroduction The term diabetes mellitus describes a metabolic disorder of multiple aetiology, characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia with disturbances of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. The effects of diabetes mellitus include longââ¬âterm damage, dysfunction and failure of various organs (1). There are two main types of diabetes (2-6); Type 1 diabetes (T1B) usually develops in childhood and adolescence and patients requireRead MoreTypes And Types Of Diabetes Essay1796 Words à |à 8 PagesTypes of Diabetes Type 1 diabetes: Type 1 diabetes mellitus is characterized by loss of the insulin-producing beta cells of the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas leading to insulin deficiency. Type 2 diabetes : Type 2 diabetes mellitus is characterized by insulin resistance which may be combined with relatively reduced insulin secretion. The defective responsiveness of body tissues to insulin is believed to involve the insulin receptor. Gestational diabetes: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)Read MoreDiabetes Mellitus1804 Words à |à 8 Pagesdisorder is Diabetes Mellitus. Most people just know it as diabetes. There are two major classifications of diabetes mellitus; insulin-dependent (IDDM) and noninsulin-dependent (NIDDM). IDDM is more commonly known as Type 1 Diabetes, and NIDDM is known as Type 2 Diabetes (Ekoeà , 2008). Type 1 diabetes is the juvenile-onset diabetes that deals with the complete destruction of à ²-cells of the pancreas whereas type 2 diabetes is an adult-onset disorder in which individuals suffer from an insulin deficiencyRead MoreDiabetes Mellitus Type 2: A Research1511 Words à |à 6 Pagesa serious metabolic disorder called Diabetes Mellitus Type 2. While not managed by insulin injections, it is nevertheless quite serious and has a number of progressing symptoms that, if not treated properly, can result in cardiovascular, renal and neurological problems, as well as amputation, ocular is sues, and even cognitive dysfunction. Type II Diabetes, also known as diabetes mellitus, is also called non-insulin-dependent diabetes or aadult onset diabetes. It is a medical disorder that, due to
Tuesday, May 5, 2020
World Civilization and History
Question: Describe about the Comparison between the Byzantine Empire and Mongolian Empire? Answer: Introduction World history has witnessed the rise and fall of a number of large, medium and small empires. Among those empires the researcher here opts for two of the very influential empires the Byzantine Empire and the Mongolian Empire for a comparative study. On one hand, the Byzantine Empire which is also known as the Eastern Roman Empire was dominated by the Greek speaking population of the eastern part of the Roman Empire. This empire was dominant during the middle ages and the Late Antiquity (ArieÃÅ'â⠬s Duby, 1987). This empire survived during the 5th century fragmentation and also the fall of the Western Roman Empire and it further continued to survive for almost another thousand years till it was conquered by the Ottoman Turks in 1453 (Gibbon Low, 1960). During the existence of this empire, it was generally extremely powerful and in every aspect including economic, cultural or military forces in Europe (Franzius, 1967). On the other hand, the Mongolian Empire existed during the 13th and 14th centuries. This empire is considered to be largest contiguous land empire in the entire history. The empire extended from the steppes of Central Asia moved across the Central Europe till the Sea of Japan. It further extended across Siberia in the north, the Indian subcontinent, Iranian Plateau in the east and the south and towards the west it extended till Arabia. Comparison between the Byzantine Empire and the Mongolian Empire There are a number of strategies that both these empires undertook in order to create or expand their territories or to maintain or defend their rule. On a closer look it might be observed that there were a few categories under which the two empires namely the Byzantine Empire and the Mongolian Empire were similar. The Creation of the two empires The great civilization of the Byzantine Empire originated during 330 AD. During this time the Roman Emperor Constantine I decided to form a new Rome on the site of the old Greek colony of Byzantium. The term Byzantine was derived from the word Byzantium which was a Greek colony that was founded by a person by the name Byzas. This place was located at the European side of Bosporus which was a strait that linked the Black sea with the Mediterranean. The position of the city of Byzantine was such that it served as the transit point for major continents o Europe and Asia Minor. During 330 A.D. Constantine I who was the Roman Empire at that point of time chose this place as the new capitol as named it as Constantinople (VasilÃÅ Ã ¹ev, 1952). Taking a look at the Mongol Empire, it can be observed that the creation of the Empire was a slow and difficult process which began with the amalgamation of the Mongol and Turkic tribes that inhabited the Mongolian Steppes. In the area of Steppes, Temjin emerged as a very magnetic leader and who gradually gained followers before he became a nkhr (companion or vassal) (Franke Twitchett, 2008). Toghril who was the Khan of the Kereits, was another very dominant tribe in Central Mongolia. With regard to the services of Toghril, the talents of Temjin allowed him to become one of the significant leaders of the Mongol tribes. Ultimately, the increase of power of Temjin gave rise to jealously among the people and finally Temujin and Toghril took different parts and this lead to a battle. This fight became stronger during 1203 and eventually Temjin emerged as a leader. By 1206 Temjin had unified the tribes of Mongolia and formed a single supra-tribe which is called the Khamag Mongol Ulus or the All Mongol State (Allsen, 1997). With the formation of the new state the social structure was reorganized and for that Temjin dissolved the old tribal lines and regrouped them to form an army based on the decimal system. Additionally, Temjin was also successful in instilling a strong sense of discipline into the army. By the end of 1204 Temjin had defeated the main rivals but it was only after 1206 that the followers recognized Temujin as the only ruler and granted him the title of Chenggis Khan. Hence with regard to the creation of the empires there existed a huge dissimilarity between the Byzantine Empire and the Mongolian empire. Nevertheless, there are few strategic similarities between the two empires. The Defense of the two empires When the military tactics of the two empires are followed thoroughly it can be observed that there were quite a few similarities between the two empires (ArieÃÅ'â⠬s Duby, 1987). With regard to the Byzantine Empire it can be observed that this empire always maintained a very high and sophisticated military army that survived from ancient times. This army relied on a number of things for success such as discipline, knowledge of strategies and a very well-organized support system (Franzius, 1967). The very essential part of the maintenance and spread of the experience of the military was the traditional histories along with the various treaties and manuals for practice (Gibbon Low, 1960). This tradition in the military that began during this time was extended back to the Aeneas who was popularly known as the Tactician and the Xenophon. It further extended to the Eastern Roman military manuals which adapted the working of the ancient authors more specifically the works of Aelian and Onasander. The Mongol military tactics and organization enabled the Mongol Empire to conquer nearly all of continental Asia, the Middle East and parts of Eastern Europe. Looking at the Mongolian empire it can be observed that the original basis of the military system of the Mongolian Empire could be considered as the extension of their nomadic style of the Mongolians. There were a number of new elements that was invented by Chenggis Khan and his successors (Franke Twitchett, 2008). New technologies were invented by the rulers to make even more useful attacks on the enemies. Attack fortifications were learnt by the generals and the armies from the different cultures and other foreign technical experts were well-versed with the command structures (Sermier, 2002). During most of the part of the 13th century it was observed that in most of the battles they utilized these strategies and also won most of the battles that they fought using these strategies. They always turned the result of the battles in their favor. Also, it should be noted that in most of the battles that they won the opposite armies were quite large and powerful. Nonetheless, their first defeat took place during the year 1223 at the Battle of Samara Bend in the hands of the Volga Bulgars (Sermier, 2002). Their second defeat came during the Battle of Ain Jalut in the year 1260. This time however, the opposite army was tactically trained by them and they used their tactics against them. The above facts show that both the Byzantine and the Mongolian armies were extremely disciplined and can be compared to the modern day warfare. Both the armies of the two empires understood how to conduct campaigns and avoid fighting individual battles till death. These empires initiated the art of operational techniques however, at that point of time they did not codify the techniques. The Maintenance of the two empires With regard to the maintenance of two empires one very significant similarity between the two empires is that the Byzantines and the Mongols were both great combat engineers. In fact the Romans are considered to be the best combat engineers that the world has ever seen. Another strategic similarity between the two empires is the use of fear. Historians claim that in most cases the Mongolians tried to induce fear into the minds of their enemies. The success of the tactics that the Mongolians generally resorted to was the use of fear that tried to induce capitulation in the population in the enemy land (Allsen, 1997). The Byzantine empire strategies were also similar. However, the inducement of fear was a more natural phenomenon with the enemy states. Due to the fear of the armies of the Byzantine empire most of the enemies lost half their battles before the battle started. Hence these three are the essential strategic similarities between the two great empires that existed in modern history. Conclusion After a brief study of the two empires that existed in history it can be concluded that one very common thing between the two empires other than the strategic similarities were that both the empires were extremely influential. Modern history has been greatly affected by the different techniques and strategies that these two empires have undertaken during their reigns. Nevertheless, if the powers of both the empires were calculated in the situation of a combat between the two empires the chances of the Mongols defeating the Romans were more. This is because the coordination and synchronization of forces among the Mongolians were far stronger as compared to the Roman of the Byzantine forces. References Allsen, T. (1997).Commodity and exchange in the Mongol Empire. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ArieÃÅ'â⠬s, P., Duby, G. (1987).A history of private life. Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. Franke, H., Twitchett, D. (2008).The Cambridge history of China. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Franzius, E. (1967).History of the Byzantine Empire. New York: Funk Wagnalls. Gibbon, E., Low, D. (1960).The decline and fall of the Roman Empire. New York: Harcourt, Brace. Sermier, C. (2002).Mongolia. Hong Kong: Odyssey. VasilÃÅ Ã ¹ev, A. (1952).History of the Byzantine Empire, 324-1453. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.
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